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We approach multivariate mode estimation through Gibbs distributions and introduce GERVE (Gibbs-measure Entropy-Regularised Variational Estimation), a likelihood-free framework that approximates Gibbs measures directly from samples by…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-23 Tâm LeMinh , Julyan Arbel , Florence Forbes , Hien Duy Nguyen

Although variational autoencoders (VAE) are successfully used to obtain meaningful low-dimensional representations for high-dimensional data, the characterization of critical points of the loss function for general observation models is not…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Robert Sicks , Ralf Korn , Stefanie Schwaar

Extreme value theory has constructed asymptotic properties of the sample maximum. This study concerns probability distribution estimation of the sample maximum. The traditional approach is parametric fitting to the limiting distribution --…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-07-19 Taku Moriyama

A recent development in extreme value modeling uses the geometry of the dataset to perform inference on the multivariate tail. A key quantity in this inference is the gauge function, whose values define this geometry. Methodology proposed…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-07-23 Ryan Campbell , Jennifer Wadsworth

We study a variant of the variational autoencoder model (VAE) with a Gaussian mixture as a prior distribution, with the goal of performing unsupervised clustering through deep generative models. We observe that the known problem of…

The family of location and scale mixtures of Gaussians has the ability to generate a number of flexible distributional forms. It nests as particular cases several important asymmetric distributions like the Generalised Hyperbolic…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-08-05 Darren Wraith , Florence Forbes

We present a quasi-conjugate Bayes approach for estimating Generalized Pareto Distribution (GPD) parameters, distribution tails and extreme quantiles within the Peaks-Over-Threshold framework. Damsleth conjugate Bayes structure on Gamma…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-04-01 Jean Diebolt , Mhamed El-Aroui , Myriam Garrido , Stéphane Girard

Deep generative models are routinely used in generating samples from complex, high-dimensional distributions. Despite their apparent successes, their statistical properties are not well understood. A common assumption is that with enough…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-15 Edric Tam , David B. Dunson

The possibilities of the use of the coefficient of variation over a high threshold in tail modelling are discussed. The paper also considers multiple threshold tests for a generalized Pareto distribution, together with a threshold selection…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-10-02 J. Castillo , M. Padilla

Score-based generative models (SGMs) have achieved remarkable empirical success, motivating their application to a broad range of data distributions. However, extending them to heavy-tailed targets remains a largely open problem. Although…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Tiziano Fassina , Gabriel Cardoso , Sylvan Le Corff , Thomas Romary

The statistical modeling of discrete extremes has received less attention than their continuous counterparts in the Extreme Value Theory (EVT) literature. One approach to the transition from continuous to discrete extremes is the modeling…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-06-18 Touqeer Ahmad , Carlo Gaetan , Philippe Naveau

Variational autoencoders (VAE) are a powerful and widely-used class of models to learn complex data distributions in an unsupervised fashion. One important limitation of VAEs is the prior assumption that latent sample representations are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-27 Francesco Paolo Casale , Adrian V Dalca , Luca Saglietti , Jennifer Listgarten , Nicolo Fusi

The inverse Gaussian (IG) is one of the most famous and considered distributions with positive support. We propose a convenient mode-based parameterization yielding the reparametrized IG (rIG) distribution; it allows/simplifies the use of…

Methodology · Statistics 2017-07-17 Antonio Punzo

Extreme value (EV) statistics of correlated systems are widely investigated in many fields, spanning the spectrum from weather forecasting to earthquake prediction. Does the unavoidable discrete sampling of a continuous correlated…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-08-29 Lior Zarfaty , Eli Barkai , David A. Kessler

We suggest approximating the distribution of the sum of independent and identically distributed random variables with a Pareto-like tail by combining extreme value approximations for the largest summands with a normal approximation for the…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-02-05 Ulrich K. Mueller

We study the extreme value distribution of stochastic processes modeled by superstatistics. Classical extreme value theory asserts that (under mild asymptotic independence assumptions) only three possible limit distributions are possible,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-06-22 Pau Rabassa , Christian Beck

It is well-known that value added per worker is extremely heterogeneous among firms, but relatively little has been done to characterize this heterogeneity more precisely. Here we show that the distribution of value-added per worker…

The probability distribution of the magnitude can be modeled by an exponential distribution according to the Gutenberg-Richter relation. Two alternatives are the truncated exponential distribution (TED) and the cut-off exponential…

Geophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Mathias Raschke

In fields such as hydrology and climatology, modelling the entire distribution of positive data is essential, as stakeholders require insights into the full range of values, from low to extreme. Traditional approaches often segment the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-03 Carlo Gaetan , Philippe Naveau

In this article, we obtain the exact distribution of a linear combination of bilateral gamma (BG) random variables (r.v.s). Next, we discuss the distributional properties of the linear combination of BG r.v.s, including probability density…

Probability · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Kalyan Barman , Palaniappan Vellaisamy