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The increasing availability of unstructured clinical narratives in electronic health records (EHRs) has created new opportunities for automated disease characterization, cohort identification, and clinical decision support. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Pre-training has shown success in different areas of machine learning, such as Computer Vision, Natural Language Processing (NLP), and medical imaging. However, it has not been fully explored for clinical data analysis. An immense amount of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Chantal Pellegrini , Nassir Navab , Anees Kazi

Embedding algorithms are increasingly used to represent clinical concepts in healthcare for improving machine learning tasks such as clinical phenotyping and disease prediction. Recent studies have adapted state-of-the-art bidirectional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Chao Pang , Xinzhuo Jiang , Krishna S Kalluri , Matthew Spotnitz , RuiJun Chen , Adler Perotte , Karthik Natarajan

Providing accurate and reliable predictions about the future of an epidemic is an important problem for enabling informed public health decisions. Recent works have shown that leveraging data-driven solutions that utilize advances in deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Harshavardhan Kamarthi , B. Aditya Prakash

This study proposes a Transformer-based longitudinal modeling method to address challenges in clinical risk classification with heterogeneous Electronic Health Record (EHR) data, including irregular temporal patterns, large modality…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Anzhuo Xie , Wei-Chen Chang

Self-supervised pretraining has been extensively studied in language and vision domains, where a unified model can be easily adapted to various downstream tasks by pretraining representations without explicit labels. When it comes to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Yanchao Sun , Shuang Ma , Ratnesh Madaan , Rogerio Bonatti , Furong Huang , Ashish Kapoor

The remarkable performance gains realized by large pretrained models, e.g., GPT-3, hinge on the massive amounts of data they are exposed to during training. Analogously, distilling such large models to compact models for efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Manzil Zaheer , Ankit Singh Rawat , Seungyeon Kim , Chong You , Himanshu Jain , Andreas Veit , Rob Fergus , Sanjiv Kumar

In recent years, increasingly augmentation of health data, such as patient Electronic Health Records (EHR), are becoming readily available. This provides an unprecedented opportunity for knowledge discovery and data mining algorithms to dig…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Xi Sheryl Zhang , Fengyi Tang , Hiroko Dodge , Jiayu Zhou , Fei Wang

Foundation models for structured electronic health records (EHRs) are pretrained on longitudinal sequences of timestamped clinical events to learn adaptable patient representations. Tokenization -- how these timelines are converted into…

The rapid expansion of electronic health record (EHR) systems has generated large volumes of unstructured clinical narratives that contain valuable information for disease identification, patient cohort discovery, and clinical decision…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Fariba Afrin Irany , Sampson Akwafuo

Most machine learning models for predicting clinical outcomes are developed using historical data. Yet, even if these models are deployed in the near future, dataset shift over time may result in less than ideal performance. To capture this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Christina X Ji , Ahmed M Alaa , David Sontag

In the backdrop of increasing data requirements of Deep Neural Networks for object recognition that is growing more untenable by the day, we present Developmental PreTraining (DPT) as a possible solution. DPT is designed as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Niranjan Rajesh , Debayan Gupta

Electronic Health Records (EHR) contain valuable clinical information for predicting patient outcomes and guiding healthcare decisions. However, effectively modeling Electronic Health Records (EHRs) requires addressing data heterogeneity…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Junhan Yu , Zhunyi Feng , Junwei Lu , Tianxi Cai , Doudou Zhou

The use of pre-trained language models fine-tuned to address specific downstream tasks is a common approach in natural language processing (NLP). However, acquiring domain-specific knowledge via fine-tuning is challenging. Traditional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Sangyeon Cho , Jangyeong Jeon , Dongjoon Lee , Changhee Lee , Junyeong Kim

Data-to-text generation has recently attracted substantial interests due to its wide applications. Existing methods have shown impressive performance on an array of tasks. However, they rely on a significant amount of labeled data for each…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Wenhu Chen , Yu Su , Xifeng Yan , William Yang Wang

Finding experts is essential in Community Question Answering (CQA) platforms as it enables the effective routing of questions to potential users who can provide relevant answers. The key is to personalized learning expert representations…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Qiyao Peng , Hongyan Xu , Yinghui Wang , Hongtao Liu , Cuiying Huo , Wenjun Wang

Despite the impressive advancements achieved using deep-learning for functional brain activity analysis, the heterogeneity of functional patterns and scarcity of imaging data still pose challenges in tasks such as prediction of future onset…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-25 Wenhui Cui , Haleh Akrami , Ganning Zhao , Anand A. Joshi , Richard M. Leahy

Objective: Clinical trials are essential for advancing pharmaceutical interventions, but they face a bottleneck in selecting eligible participants. Although leveraging electronic health records (EHR) for recruitment has gained popularity,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mojdeh Rahmanian , Seyed Mostafa Fakhrahmad , Seyedeh Zahra Mousavi

The deployment of pre-trained models (PTMs) has greatly advanced the field of continual learning (CL), enabling positive knowledge transfer and resilience to catastrophic forgetting. To sustain these advantages for sequentially arriving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-18 Liyuan Wang , Jingyi Xie , Xingxing Zhang , Hang Su , Jun Zhu

Large-scale pre-trained models (PTMs) such as BERT and GPT have recently achieved great success and become a milestone in the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Owing to sophisticated pre-training objectives and huge model parameters,…