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Aluminium is manufactured through the Hall-H\'eroult process, which is very energy intensive. Power modulation, as an industrial-scale demand-side power management approach, allows aluminium smelters to operate with variable power…
Sustained ELM mitigation has been achieved using RMPs with a toroidal mode number of n=4 and n=6 in lower single null and with n=3 in connected double null plasmas on MAST. The ELM frequency increases by up to a factor of eight with a…
Water electrolysis is promising for industrial hydrogen production to achieve a sustainable and green hydrogen economy, but the high cost of the technology limits its market share. Developing efficient yet economic electrocatalysts is…
Dynamic mitigation is presented for filamentation instability and magnetic reconnection in a plasm driven by a wobbling electron sheet current. The wobbling current introduces an oscillating perturbation and smooths the perturbation. The…
Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are discussed today as a cheap grid scale energy storage, as required for the deployment of fluctuating renewable energies. Built as a stable density stratification of two liquid metals separated by a thin…
Spin-polarized electrical transport is investigated in $ Al_{2}O_{3}/Ni_{80}Fe_{20}/Al_{2}O_{3}$ thin films for permalloy thickness between 6 and 20nm. The degree of spin-polarization of the current flowing in the plane of the film is…
We demonstrate aluminum-on-silicon planar transmon qubits with time-averaged ${T_1}$ energy relaxation times of up to ${270\,\mu s}$, corresponding to Q = 5 million, and a highest observed value of ${501\,\mu s}$. We use materials analysis…
The conditions for the excitation of current and voltage oscillations in the plasma of a three-electrode current and voltage stabilizer are experimentally investigated. It was found that in the regimes under consideration, the plasma has…
Current approaches for electric power generation from nanoscale conducting or semi-conducting layers in contact with moving aqueous droplets are promising as they show efficiencies of around 30 percent, yet, even the most successful ones…
The increasing deployment of renewable energies requires three fundamental changes to the electric grid: more transmission lines, a flexibilisation of the demand and grid scale energy storage. Liquid metal batteries (LMBs) are considered…
The effect of electron conditioning on commercially aluminium alloys 1100 and 6063 were investigated. Contrary to the assumption that electron conditioning, if performed long enough, can reduce and stabilize the SEY to low values ($\leq…
Electrochemical water electrolysis, which produces clean energy carriers to mitigate carbon emissions, lacks suitable, low-cost electrodes for efficient oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline water splitting. To address this challenge,…
Aluminum monochloride (AlCl) has been proposed as a promising candidate for laser cooling to ultracold temperatures, and recent spectroscopy results support this prediction. It is challenging to produce large numbers of AlCl molecules…
We simulate bulk materials under strong currents by following in real-time the dynamics of the electrons under an electric field. By changing the intensity of the electric field, our method can model, for the first time, non-linear effects…
Sustained ELM mitigation has been achieved on MAST and AUG using RMPs with a range of toroidal mode numbers over a wide region of low to medium collisionality discharges. The ELM energy loss and peak heat loads at the divertor targets have…
We have developed a non-isothermal analytical model for the impedance of the cathode catalyst layer (CCL) in a PEM fuel cell. In-phase harmonic perturbations to the current density and temperature reduce the impedance and the static…
Cells generally convert nutrient resources to useful products via energy transduction. Accordingly, the thermodynamic efficiency of this conversion process is one of the most essential characteristics of living organisms. However, although…
An energy efficient spark plasma sintering method enabling the densification of large size samples assisted by very low electric current levels is developed. In this method, the electric current is concentrated in the graphite foils around…
The application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) produces splitting of the divertor strike point due to the interaction of the RMP field and the plasma field. The application of a rotating RMP field causes the strike point…
Persistent current is a small but perpetual electric current that flows in metallic rings in the absence of any applied source. We compute the persistent currents of one-dimensional disordered metallic rings of interacting electrons in the…