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Transfer learning has emerged as a powerful technique for improving the performance of machine learning models on new domains where labeled training data may be scarce. In this approach a model trained for a source task, where plenty of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Seyed Mohammadreza Mousavi Kalan , Zalan Fabian , A. Salman Avestimehr , Mahdi Soltanolkotabi

In transfer learning, we wish to make inference about a target population when we have access to data both from the distribution itself, and from a different but related source distribution. We introduce a flexible framework for transfer…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-03 Henry W. J. Reeve , Timothy I. Cannings , Richard J. Samworth

Human learners have the natural ability to use knowledge gained in one setting for learning in a different but related setting. This ability to transfer knowledge from one task to another is essential for effective learning. In this paper,…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-10 T. Tony Cai , Hongji Wei

Transfer learning for nonparametric regression is considered. We first study the non-asymptotic minimax risk for this problem and develop a novel estimator called the confidence thresholding estimator, which is shown to achieve the minimax…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-24 T. Tony Cai , Hongming Pu

We consider nonparametric regression under covariate shift, where we observe samples from both the target distribution and a related but distinct source distribution. We introduce a novel object, the transfer function, and show that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-09 Petr Zamolodtchikov

We study linear regression under covariate shift, where the marginal distribution over the input covariates differs in the source and the target domains, while the conditional distribution of the output given the input covariates is similar…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Jingfeng Wu , Difan Zou , Vladimir Braverman , Quanquan Gu , Sham M. Kakade

When concept shifts and sample scarcity are present in the target domain of interest, nonparametric regression learners often struggle to generalize effectively. The technique of transfer learning remedies these issues by leveraging data or…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Haotian Lin , Matthew Reimherr

Posterior drift refers to changes in the relationship between responses and covariates while the distributions of the covariates remain unchanged. In this work, we explore functional linear regression under posterior drift with transfer…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-20 Xiaoyu Hu , Zhenhua Lin

In recent years, transfer learning has garnered significant attention. Its ability to leverage knowledge from related studies to improve generalization performance in a target study has made it highly appealing. This paper focuses on…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-30 Chao Wang , Caixing Wang , Xin He , Xingdong Feng

An interesting phenomenon arises: Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) sometimes outperforms methods specifically designed for out-of-distribution tasks. This motivates an investigation into the reasons behind such behavior beyond algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Hong Zheng , Fei Teng

Transfer learning is a critical part of real-world machine learning deployments and has been extensively studied in experimental works with overparameterized neural networks. However, even in the simplest setting of linear regression a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Neil Mallinar , Austin Zane , Spencer Frei , Bin Yu

Ensuring generalization to unseen environments remains a challenge. Domain shift can lead to substantially degraded performance unless shifts are well-exercised within the available training environments. We introduce a simple robust…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Yilun Xu , Tommi Jaakkola

Weighted empirical risk minimization is a common approach to prediction under distribution drift. This article studies its out-of-sample prediction error under nonstationarity. We provide a general decomposition of the excess risk into a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 Tobias Brock , Thomas Nagler

The phenomenon of data distribution evolving over time has been observed in a range of applications, calling the needs of adaptive learning algorithms. We thus study the problem of supervised gradual domain adaptation, where labeled data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-15 Jing Dong , Shiji Zhou , Baoxiang Wang , Han Zhao

In massive data analysis, training and testing data often come from very different sources, and their probability distributions are not necessarily identical. A feature example is nonparametric classification in posterior drift model where…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-10 Ruiqi Liu , Kexuan Li , Zuofeng Shang

Transfer learning, also referred as knowledge transfer, aims at reusing knowledge from a source dataset to a similar target one. While many empirical studies illustrate the benefits of transfer learning, few theoretical results are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-02-19 David Obst , Badih Ghattas , Jairo Cugliari , Georges Oppenheim , Sandra Claudel , Yannig Goude

Covariate shift occurs when the distribution of input features differs between the training and testing phases. In covariate shift, estimating an unknown function's moment is a classical problem that remains under-explored, despite its…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-01 Zhen Zhang , Xin Liu , Shaoli Wang , Jiaye Teng

We study transfer learning for estimation in latent variable network models. In our setting, the conditional edge probability matrices given the latent variables are represented by $P$ for the source and $Q$ for the target. We wish to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Akhil Jalan , Arya Mazumdar , Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee , Purnamrita Sarkar

This paper studies high-dimensional additive regression under the transfer learning framework, where one observes samples from a target population together with auxiliary samples from different but potentially related regression models. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-09-17 Seung Hyun Moon

Transfer learning is beneficial for survival analysis, especially when the target study has a limited number of events. However, existing transfer learning methods rely on the restrictive assumption that the target and source studies share…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-13 Yu Gu , Donglin Zeng , D. Y. Lin
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