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The quantum state is a mathematical object used to determine the outcome probabilities of measurements on physical systems. Its fundamental nature has been the subject of discussions since the origin of the theory: is it ontic, that is,…
It is a fundamental principle of quantum theory that an unknown state cannot be copied or, as a consequence, an unknown optical signal cannot be amplified deterministically and perfectly. Here we describe a protocol that provides…
We experimentally realize a nonlinear quantum protocol on single-photon qubits with linear optical elements and appropriate measurements. The quantum nonlinearity is induced by post-selecting the polarization qubit based on a measurement…
In this paper we present the solution to the problem of optimally discriminating among quantum states, i.e., identifying the states with maximum probability of success when a certain fixed rate of inconclusive answers is allowed. By varying…
Coherent states of light, and methods for distinguishing between them, are central to all applications of laser light. We obtain the ultimate quantum limit on the error probability exponent for discriminating among any M multimode…
An optical transmitter irradiates a target region containing a bright thermal-noise bath in which a low-reflectivity object might be embedded. The light received from this region is used to decide whether the object is present or absent.…
We propose quantum receivers with optical squeezing and photon-number-resolving detector (PNRD) for the near-optimal discrimination of quaternary phase-shift-keyed coherent state signals. The basic scheme is similar to the previous…
Distinguishing quantum states that admit a classical counterpart from those that exhibit nonclassicality has long been a central issue in quantum optics. Finding an implementable criterion certifying optical nonclassicality (i.e, the…
The optimization conditions for minimum error discrimination of linearly independent pure states comprise of two kinds: stationary conditions over the space of rank one projective measurements and the global maximization conditions. A…
In the task of discriminating between nonorthogonal quantum states from multiple copies, the key parameters are the error probability and the resources (number of copies) used. Previous studies have considered the task of minimizing the…
Quantum hypothesis testing (QHT) provides an effective method to discriminate between two quantum states using a two-outcome positive operator-valued measure (POVM). Two types of decision errors in a QHT can occur. In this paper we focus on…
Quantum state discrimination underlies various applications in quantum information processing tasks. It essentially describes the distinguishability of quantum systems in different states, and the general process of extracting classical…
Deterministic discrimination of nonorthogonal states is forbidden by quantum measurement theory. However, if we do not want to succeed all the time, i.e. allow for inconclusive outcomes to occur, then unambiguous discrimination becomes…
We discuss a state discriminator that unambiguously distinguishes between two quantum registers prepared with multiple copies of two unknown qubits. This device achieves the optimal performance by von Neumann measurement and general POVM in…
Given a finite set of linearly independent quantum states, an observer who examines a single quantum system may sometimes identify its state with certainty. However, unless these quantum states are orthogonal, there is a finite probability…
The quantum formalism permits one to discriminate sometimes between any set of linearly-independent pure states with certainty. We obtain the maximum probability with which a set of equally-likely, symmetric, linearly-independent states can…
It is well-known in classical frame theory that overcomplete representations of a given vector space provide robustness to additive noise on the frame coefficients of an unknown vector. We describe how the same robustness can be shown to…
Nonclassicality, defined in the quantum optical sense, serves as a resource for photon-based quantum technologies. Therefore, certifying the nonclassicality of a quantum state is crucial for gauging its potential for quantum advantage.…
Quantum state discrimination is a fundamental primitive in quantum statistics where one has to correctly identify the state of a system that is in one of two possible known states. A programmable discrimination machine performs this task…
Improved measurement techniques are central to technological development and foundational scientific exploration. Quantum optics relies upon detectors sensitive to non-classical features of light, enabling precise tests of physical laws and…