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A new Richardson number formulation, Ri_new, is introduced to improve the diagnosis of turbulence in the stratified free atmosphere, particularly near jet stream regions. The formulation is derived from the turbulent kinetic energy budget…
Accurate tropical cyclone (TC) track prediction is crucial for mitigating the catastrophic impacts of TCs on human life and the environment. Despite decades of research on tropical cyclone (TC) track prediction, large errors known as track…
A storm is a type of extreme weather. Therefore, forecasting the path of a storm is extremely important for protecting human life and property. However, storm forecasting is very challenging because storm trajectories frequently change. In…
Winds play an essential role in the climate system. In this study, we analyze the global pattern of the diurnal cycle of surface (10 m) winds from the ERA5 reanalysis data. We find that over the land and especially over sand dune regions,…
The northeastern coast of the U.S. is projected to expand its offshore wind capacity from the existing 30 MW to over 22 GW in the next decade. Yet, only a few wind measurements are available in the region and none at hub height, thus…
Accurate prediction of wind speed and power is vital for enhancing the efficiency of wind energy systems. Numerous solutions have been implemented to date, demonstrating their potential to improve forecasting. Among these, deep learning is…
The paper introduces a new methodology for assessing on-line the prediction risk of short-term wind power forecasts. The first part of this methodology consists in computing confidence intervals with a confidence level defined by the…
Trees are key roughness elements in urban environments, shaping airflow, microclimates, and pollutant dispersion. Yet the aerodynamic drag of complex tree-like structures at high Reynolds numbers remains poorly characterized compared with…
The ambient solar wind conditions in interplanetary space and in the near-Earth environment are determined by activity on the Sun. Steady solar wind streams modulate the propagation behaviour of interplanetary coronal mass ejections and are…
Empirical solar wind speed models play an important role in enabling space weather forecasting with low computational cost. Among these, one model called WS model is based on the asymptotic expansion factor. However, it is known that it…
The physical and economic damages of hurricanes can acutely affect employment and the well-being of employees. However, a comprehensive understanding of these impacts remains elusive as many studies focused on narrow subsets of regions or…
Over the last years, radio detection has matured to become a competitive method for the detection of air showers. Arrays of thousands of antennas are now envisioned for the detection of cosmic rays of ultra high energy or neutrinos of…
We derive a set of simplified equations that can be used for numerical studies of reduced magnetohydrodynamic turbulence within a small patch of the radially expanding solar wind. We allow the box to be either stationary in the Sun's frame…
Climate change is one of the most concerning issues of this century. Emission from electric power generation is a crucial factor that drives the concern to the next level. Renewable energy sources are widespread and available globally,…
We propose a system to optimize parametric designs subject to radiation pressure, \ie the effect of light on the motion of objects. This is most relevant in the design of spacecraft, where radiation pressure presents the dominant…
The performances of phase-averaged parametric nearshore wave transformation models depend significantly on a reliable estimate of the wave breaker index r (the breaker height-to-depth ratio), a free model parameter that essentially controls…
Near-surface extreme winds profoundly affect human society, yet process-based understanding of their changes under climate forcings remains limited. This study systematically investigates the responses of high (HWE) and low (LWE) wind…
The generation of synthetic tropical cyclone(TC) tracks for risk assessment is a critical application of preparedness for the impacts of climate change and disaster relief, particularly in North America. Insurance companies use these…
We calculate the mass loss driven by MHD waves from hot Jupiters by using MHD simulations in one-dimensional flux tubes. If a gaseous planet has magnetic field, MHD waves are excited by turbulence at the surface, dissipate at the upper…
A necessary first step for dust removal in protoplanetary disc winds is the delivery of dust from the disc to the wind. In the case of ionized winds, the disc and wind are sharply delineated by a narrow ionization front where the gas…