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Multi-agent settings in the real world often involve tasks with varying types and quantities of agents and non-agent entities; however, common patterns of behavior often emerge among these agents/entities. Our method aims to leverage these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Shariq Iqbal , Christian A. Schroeder de Witt , Bei Peng , Wendelin Böhmer , Shimon Whiteson , Fei Sha

Value decomposition is a central approach in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), enabling centralized training with decentralized execution by factorizing the global value function into local values. To ensure individual-global-max…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Tianmeng Hu , Yongzheng Cui , Rui Tang , Biao Luo , Ke Li

In fully cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) settings, environments are highly stochastic due to the partial observability of each agent and the continuously changing policies of other agents. To address the above issues,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Wei-Fang Sun , Cheng-Kuang Lee , Simon See , Chun-Yi Lee

Designing reinforcement learning (RL) agents is typically a difficult process that requires numerous design iterations. Learning can fail for a multitude of reasons, and standard RL methods provide too few tools to provide insight into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-24 James MacGlashan , Evan Archer , Alisa Devlic , Takuma Seno , Craig Sherstan , Peter R. Wurman , Peter Stone

Recently, model-based agents have achieved better performance than model-free ones using the same computational budget and training time in single-agent environments. However, due to the complexity of multi-agent systems, it is tough to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Zhiwei Xu , Dapeng Li , Bin Zhang , Yuan Zhan , Yunpeng Bai , Guoliang Fan

Multi-agent reinforcement learning shines as the pinnacle of multi-agent systems, conquering intricate real-world challenges, fostering collaboration and coordination among agents, and unleashing the potential for intelligent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Jiawei Wang , Jian Zhao , Zhengtao Cao , Ruili Feng , Rongjun Qin , Yang Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance in completing various tasks. However, solving complex problems often requires the coordination of multiple agents, raising a fundamental question: how to effectively select and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Eric Hanchen Jiang , Levina Li , Rui Sun , Xiao Liang , Yubei Li , Yuchen Wu , Haozheng Luo , Hengli Li , Zhi Zhang , Zhaolu Kang , Kai-Wei Chang , Ying Nian Wu

Reinforcement learning encounters major challenges in multi-agent settings, such as scalability and non-stationarity. Recently, value function factorization learning emerges as a promising way to address these challenges in collaborative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Tonghan Wang , Jianhao Wang , Chongyi Zheng , Chongjie Zhang

In real-world multi-robot systems, performing high-quality, collaborative behaviors requires robots to asynchronously reason about high-level action selection at varying time durations. Macro-Action Decentralized Partially Observable Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-19 Yuchen Xiao , Joshua Hoffman , Christopher Amato

In the field of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), the standard paradigm is the use of centralised training and decentralised execution where a central critic conditions the policies of the cooperative agents based on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-04 Siddarth Singh , Benjamin Rosman

In this paper, we are interested in systems with multiple agents that wish to collaborate in order to accomplish a common task while a) agents have different information (decentralized information) and b) agents do not know the model of the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-04 Jalal Arabneydi , Aditya Mahajan

Recent advances in recommender systems have shown that user-system interaction essentially formulates long-term optimization problems, and online reinforcement learning can be adopted to improve recommendation performance. The general…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Xiaobei Wang , Shuchang Liu , Qingpeng Cai , Xiang Li , Lantao Hu , Han li , Guangming Xie

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning is a powerful tool to solve many real-world cooperative tasks, but restrictions of real-world applications may require training the agents in a fully decentralized manner. Due to the lack of…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Jiechuan Jiang , Kefan Su , Zongqing Lu

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) commonly adopts centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE), where centralized critics leverage global information to guide decentralized actors. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Yan Wang , Ke Deng , Yongli Ren

We explore value-based solutions for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) tasks in the centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) regime popularized recently. However, VDN and QMIX are representative examples that use the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-15 Kyunghwan Son , Daewoo Kim , Wan Ju Kang , David Earl Hostallero , Yung Yi

We explore value-based multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in the popular paradigm of centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE). CTDE has an important concept, Individual-Global-Max (IGM) principle, which requires the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Jianhao Wang , Zhizhou Ren , Terry Liu , Yang Yu , Chongjie Zhang

Value factorization is a popular paradigm for designing scalable multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms. However, current factorization methods make choices without full justification that may limit their performance. For example,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Enrico Marchesini , Andrea Baisero , Rupali Bhati , Christopher Amato

Real-world cooperation often requires intensive coordination among agents simultaneously. This task has been extensively studied within the framework of cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), and value decomposition methods…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Shanqi Liu , Yujing Hu , Runze Wu , Dong Xing , Yu Xiong , Changjie Fan , Kun Kuang , Yong Liu

Value decomposition has long been a fundamental technique in multi-agent dynamic programming and reinforcement learning (RL). Specifically, the value function of a global state $(s_1,s_2,\ldots,s_N)$ is often approximated as the sum of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Shuze Chen , Tianyi Peng

This paper presents a novel approach to Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) that combines cooperative task decomposition with the learning of reward machines (RMs) encoding the structure of the sub-tasks. The proposed method helps…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Leo Ardon , Daniel Furelos-Blanco , Alessandra Russo