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We study a variant of the multi-agent path finding problem (MAPF) in which agents are required to remain connected to each other and to a designated base. This problem has applications in search and rescue missions where the entire…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Arthur Queffelec , Ocan Sankur , François Schwarzentruber

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a critical component of logistics and warehouse management, which focuses on planning collision-free paths for a team of robots in a known environment. Recent work introduced a novel MAPF approach, LNS2,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Yutong Wang , Tanishq Duhan , Jiaoyang Li , Guillaume Sartoretti

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) holds significant utility within autonomous systems, however, the calculation and memory space required for multi-agent path finding (MAPF) grows exponentially as the number of agents increases. This often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Zhuo Yao , Wei Wang

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) is a problem that generally requires finding collision-free paths for multiple agents in a shared environment. Solving MAPF optimally, even under restrictive assumptions, is NP-hard, yet efficient solutions…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Anton Andreychuk , Konstantin Yakovlev , Aleksandr Panov , Alexey Skrynnik

During the execution of Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) plans in real-life applications, the MAPF assumption that the fleet's movement is perfectly synchronized does not apply. Since one or more of the agents may become delayed due to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-29 David Zahrádka , David Woller , Denisa Mužíková , Miroslav Kulich , Libor Přeučil

Purpose of Review Planning collision-free paths for multiple robots is important for real-world multi-robot systems and has been studied as an optimization problem on graphs, called Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF). This review surveys…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Hang Ma

In the Multiagent Path Finding problem (MAPF for short), we focus on efficiently finding non-colliding paths for a set of $k$ agents on a given graph $G$, where each agent seeks a path from its source vertex to a target. An important…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Foivos Fioravantes , Dušan Knop , Jan Matyáš Křišťan , Nikolaos Melissinos , Michal Opler

Among sub-optimal Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) solvers, rule-based algorithms are particularly appealing since they are complete. Even in crowded scenarios, they allow finding a feasible solution that brings each agent to its target,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Irene Saccani , Stefano Ardizzoni , Luca Consolini , Marco Locatelli

The multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) problem seeks collision-free paths for a team of agents from their current positions to their pre-set goals in a known environment, and is an essential problem found at the core of many logistics,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Chengyang He , Tianze Yang , Tanishq Duhan , Yutong Wang , Guillaume Sartoretti

Multi-agent path finding (MAPF) is well-studied in artificial intelligence, robotics, theoretical computer science and operations research. We discuss issues that arise when generalizing MAPF methods to real-world scenarios and four…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Hang Ma , Sven Koenig , Nora Ayanian , Liron Cohen , Wolfgang Hoenig , T. K. Satish Kumar , Tansel Uras , Hong Xu , Craig Tovey , Guni Sharon

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is a long-standing problem in Robotics and Artificial Intelligence in which one needs to find a set of collision-free paths for a group of mobile agents (robots) operating in the shared workspace. Due to its…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-08-12 Zain Alabedeen Ali , Konstantin Yakovlev

Several recently developed Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) solvers scale to large MAPF instances by searching for MAPF plans on 2 levels: The high-level search resolves collisions between agents, and the low-level search plans paths for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-08 Hang Ma , T. K. Satish Kumar , Sven Koenig

Multi-agent pathfinding (MAPF) remains a critical problem in robotics and autonomous systems, where agents must navigate shared spaces efficiently while avoiding conflicts. Traditional centralized algorithms with global information provide…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Bharath Muppasani , Ritirupa Dey , Biplav Srivastava , Vignesh Narayanan

We formalize Multi-Agent Path Finding with Deadlines (MAPF-DL). The objective is to maximize the number of agents that can reach their given goal vertices from their given start vertices within the deadline, without colliding with each…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-13 Hang Ma , Glenn Wagner , Ariel Felner , Jiaoyang Li , T. K. Satish Kumar , Sven Koenig

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is essential to large-scale robotic systems. Recent methods have applied reinforcement learning (RL) to learn decentralized polices in partially observable environments. A fundamental challenge of obtaining…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Ziyuan Ma , Yudong Luo , Hang Ma

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an important optimization problem underlying the deployment of robots in automated warehouses and factories. Despite the large body of work on this topic, most approaches make heavy simplifications, both…

Multi-agent path planning (MAPP) is the problem of planning collision-free trajectories from start to goal locations for a team of agents. This work explores a relatively unexplored setting of MAPP where streams of agents have to go through…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Kazumi Kasaura , Ryo Yonetani , Mai Nishimura

In environments where many automated guided vehicles (AGVs) operate, planning efficient, collision-free paths is essential. Related research has mainly focused on environments with pre-defined passages, resulting in space inefficiency. We…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Hiroya Makino , Yoshihiro Ohama , Seigo Ito

Deploying multi-robot systems in environments shared with dynamic and uncontrollable agents presents significant challenges, especially for large robot fleets. In such environments, individual robot operations can be delayed due to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Lukas Heuer , Yufei Zhu , Luigi Palmieri , Andrey Rudenko , Anna Mannucci , Sven Koenig , Martin Magnusson

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), which focuses on finding collision-free paths for multiple robots, is crucial for applications ranging from aerial swarms to warehouse automation. Solving MAPF is NP-hard so learning-based approaches for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Yimin Tang , Xiao Xiong , Jingyi Xi , Jiaoyang Li , Erdem Bıyık , Sven Koenig