Related papers: Constrained randomization and statistical inferenc…

We study constrained clustering, where constraints guide the clustering process. In existing works, two categories of constraints have been widely explored, namely pairwise and cardinality constraints. Pairwise constraints enforce the…

Observed events in recommendation are consequence of the decisions made by a policy, thus they are usually selectively labeled, namely the data are Missing Not At Random (MNAR), which often causes large bias to the estimate of true outcomes…

Multi-arm randomization has increasingly widespread applications recently and it is also crucial to ensure that the distributions of important observed covariates as well as the potential unobserved covariates are similar and comparable…

Randomized controlled trials are susceptible to imbalance on covariates predictive of the outcome. Rerandomization and deterministic treatment assignment are two proposed solutions. This paper explores the relationship between…

Adaptive sample size re-estimation, early stopping, and trial re-design at interim analyses can reduce expected sample sizes in randomised trials. Cluster randomised trials, in which groups of participants are randomly allocated to…

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) face inherent limitations, such as ethical or resource constraints, which lead to a limited number of study participants. To address these limitations, recent research endeavors have sought to incorporate…

This paper develops a clustering method that takes advantage of the sturdiness of model-based clustering, while attempting to mitigate some of its pitfalls. First, we note that standard model-based clustering likely leads to the same number…

Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) often enroll large numbers of participants, but due to logistical and fiscal challenges, only a subset of participants may be selected for measurement of certain outcomes, and those sampled may, purposely or…

Semi-supervised clustering methods incorporate a limited amount of supervision into the clustering process. Typically, this supervision is provided by the user in the form of pairwise constraints. Existing methods use such constraints in…

Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for comparing the effectiveness of a new treatment to the current one (the control). Most RCTs allocate the patients to the treatment group and the control group by uniform…

We develop a frequentist decision-theoretic framework for selecting the best arm in one-shot, multi-arm randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Our approach characterizes the minimax-regret (MMR) optimal decision rule for any multivariate…

There has been a growing interest in covariate adjustment in the analysis of randomized controlled trials in past years. For instance, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration recently issued guidance that emphasizes the importance of…

The conclusions of randomized controlled trials may be biased when the outcome of one unit depends on the treatment status of other units, a problem known as interference. In this work, we study interference in the setting of one-sided…

Understanding causality should be a core requirement of any attempt to build real impact through AI. Due to the inherent unobservability of counterfactuals, large randomised trials (RCTs) are the standard for causal inference. But large…

Clustering under pairwise constraints is an important knowledge discovery tool that enables the learning of appropriate kernels or distance metrics to improve clustering performance. These pairwise constraints, which come in the form of…

While techniques have been developed for chance constrained stochastic optimal control using sample disturbance data that provide a probabilistic confidence bound for chance constraint satisfaction, far less is known about how to use sample…

Randomized controlled trials are not only the golden standard in medicine and vaccine trials but have spread to many other disciplines like behavioral economics, making it an important interdisciplinary tool for scientists. When designing…

The increasing interest in subpopulation analysis has led to the development of various new trial designs and analysis methods in the fields of personalized medicine and targeted therapies. In this paper, subpopulations are defined in terms…

Clustering is a central approach for unsupervised learning. After clustering is applied, the most fundamental analysis is to quantitatively compare clusterings. Such comparisons are crucial for the evaluation of clustering methods as well…

Restricted mean survival time (RMST) is gaining attention as a measure to quantify the treatment effect on survival outcomes in randomized clinical trials. Several methods to determine sample size based on the RMST-based tests have been…