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We generalize the $f(R)$ type gravity models by assuming that the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar $R$ and of the matter Lagrangian $L_m$. We obtain the gravitational field equations in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-02-09 Tiberiu Harko , Francisco S. N. Lobo

We consider a gravitational model in which matter is non-minimally coupled to geometry, with the effective Lagrangian of the gravitational field being given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, the trace of the matter…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-18 Zahra Haghani , Tiberiu Harko , Francisco S. N. Lobo , Hamid Reza Sepangi , Shahab Shahidi

Symmetric teleparallel gravity and its $f(Q)$ extensions have emerged as promising alternatives to General Relativity (GR), yet the role of explicit geometry-matter couplings remains largely unexplored. In this work, we address this gap by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-22 Ayush Hazarika , Simran Arora , P. K. Sahoo , Tiberiu Harko

We generalize previous work by considering a novel gravitational model with an action given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, the matter Lagrangian density, a scalar field and a kinetic term constructed from the gradients of the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2013-02-06 Tiberiu Harko , Francisco S. N. Lobo , Olivier Minazzoli

The field equations of a generalized $f(R)$ type gravity model, in which there is an arbitrary coupling between matter and geometry, are obtained. The equations of motion for test particles are derived from a variational principle in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-05-26 T. Harko

We consider f(R,T) modified theories of gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar R and of the trace of the stress-energy tensor T. We obtain the gravitational field equations in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2011-07-14 Tiberiu Harko , Francisco S. N. Lobo , Shin'ichi Nojiri , Sergei D. Odintsov

In this paper, a new generalised gravity-matter coupled theory of gravity is presented. This theory is constructed by assuming an action with an arbitrary function $f(T,B,L_m)$ which depends on the scalar torsion $T$, the boundary term…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-04-24 Sebastian Bahamonde

The $f(R,T)$ gravity is a theory whose gravitational action depends arbitrarily on the Ricci scalar, $R$, and the trace of the stress-energy tensor, $T$; its field equations also depend on matter Lagrangian, $\mathcal{L}_{m}$. In the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-02-11 G. A. Carvalho , F. Rocha , H. O. Oliveira , R. V. Lobato

We show that in modified $f(R)$ type gravity models with non-minimal coupling between matter and geometry, both the matter Lagrangian, and the energy-momentum tensor, are completely and uniquely determined by the form of the coupling. This…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-05-27 T. Harko

We propose an extension of the symmetric teleparallel gravity, in which the gravitational action $L$ is given by an arbitrary function $f$ of the nonmetricity $Q$ and of the trace of the matter energy-momentum tensor $T$, so that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-05-19 Yixin Xu , Guangjie Li , Tiberiu Harko , Shi-Dong Liang

We consider an extended theory of gravity with Lagrangian $\mathcal{L} = f(R,{\bf T}^{(n)})$, with ${\bf T}^{(n)}$ being a $2n$-th order invariant made of contractions of the energy-momentum tensor. When $n=1$ this theory reduces to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-10-05 Habib Abedi , Francesco Bajardi , Salvatore Capozziello

This paper studies a generic fourth-order theory of gravity with Lagrangian density $f(R,R_c^2,R_m^2, \mathscr{L}_m)$. By considering explicit $R^2$ dependence and imposing the "coherence condition" $f_{R^2}\!=\!f_{R_m^2}\!=\!…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-07-14 David Wenjie Tian , Ivan Booth

We construct a cosmological model from the inception of the Friedmann-Lem\^aitre-Robertson-Walker metric into the field equations of the f(R,L_m) gravity theory, with R being the Ricci scalar and L_m being the matter lagrangian density. The…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-21 B. S. Gonçalves , P. H. R. S. Moraes , B. Mishra

f(R)-theories of gravity are reviewed in the framework of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. The asymmetry is generated by the gravitational coupling of heavy (Majorana) neutrinos with the Ricci scalar curvature. In order that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-23 G. Lambiase , S. Mohanty , L. Pizza

We consider an extension of standard General Relativity in which the Hilbert-Einstein action is replaced by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, nonmetricity, torsion, and the trace of the matter energy-momentum tensor. By…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-11-18 Tiberiu Harko , Nurgissa Myrzakulov , Ratbay Myrzakulov , Shahab Shahidi

We consider f(R,T) modified theory of gravity in which, in general, the gravitational Lagrangian is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar and the trace of the energy-momentum tensor. We indicate that in this type of the theory,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2016-10-05 Raziyeh Zaregonbadi , Mehrdad Farhoudi

This article presents cosmological models that arise in a subclass of $f(R,T)=f(R)+f(T)$ gravity models, with different $f(R)$ functions and fixed $T$-dependence. That is, the gravitational lagrangian is considered as $f(R,T)=f(R)+\lambda…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-09-18 P. K. Sahoo , P. H. R. S. Moraes , Parbati Sahoo , Binaya K. Bishi

The $f(R,T)$ gravity is an extended theory of gravity in which the gravitational action contains general terms of both the Ricci scalar $R$ and trace of the energy-momentum tensor $T$. In this way, $f(R,T)$ models are capable of describing…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2017-07-20 P. H. R. S. Moraes , P. K. Sahoo

Among the recent extensions to standard General Relativity, $f(R,\mathcal{L}_m)$ gravity has risen an interest given the possibility of coupling between geometry and matter. We examine the simplest model with non-minimal coupling in the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-02 Sergio Bravo Medina , Marek Nowakowski , Ronaldo V. Lobato , Davide Batic

The observed matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe remains a fundamental challenge in modern physics. In this work, we explore gravitational baryogenesis within the framework of $f(T,L_m)$ gravity, where the gravitational Lagrangian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-01-26 Daniel F. P. Cruz , David S. Pereira , Francisco S. N. Lobo
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