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The crystallization of charge carriers, dubbed the Wigner crystal, is anticipated at low densities in clean two-dimensional electronic systems (2DES). While there has been extensive investigation across diverse platforms, probing…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-06-26 Mingjie Zhang , Zhenyu Wang , Yifan Jiang , Yaotian Liu , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Song Liu , Shiming Lei , Yongqing Li , Yang Xu

Generalized Wigner crystals (GWC) on triangular moir\'e superlattices, formed from stacking two layers of transition metal chalcogenides, have been observed at multiple fractional fillings [Nature 587, 214 - 218 (2020), Nat. Phys. 17, 715 -…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-10-01 Aman Kumar , Cyprian Lewandowski , Hitesh J. Changlani

Eugene Wigner predicted long ago that when the Coulomb interactions between electrons become much stronger than their kinetic energy, electrons crystallize into a closely packed lattice. A variety of two-dimensional systems have shown…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 Yen-Chen Tsui , Minhao He , Yuwen Hu , Ethan Lake , Taige Wang , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Michael P. Zaletel , Ali Yazdani

At very low density, the electrons in a uniform electron gas spontaneously break symmetry and form a crystalline lattice called a Wigner crystal. But which type of crystal will the electrons form? We report a numerical study of the density…

The competition between Coulomb repulsion and kinetic energy in correlated systems can allow electrons to crystallize into Wigner solids. Despite researches across diverse two-dimensional Wigner platforms, the microscopic melting processes…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-01-06 Chaofei Liu , Jianwang Zhou , Wenao Liao , Zeyu Jiang , Chao Zhang , Tingfei Guo , Tianyou Zhai , Wenhao Zhang , Ying-Shuang Fu , Qi-Kun Xue

Wigner crystals, lattices made purely of electrons, are a quintessential paradigm of studying correlation-driven quantum phase transitions. Despite decades of research, the internal dynamics of Wigner crystals has remained extremely…

Two-dimensional (2D) solid-liquid transition (SLT)~\cite{Mermin1966Absence,Mermin1968Crystalline,Kosterlitz1972Long} concerns fundamental concepts of long-range correlations vital to magnetism, superconductivity, superfluidity, and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2018-02-28 Jian Huang , Talbot Knighton , Zhe Wu , Alessandro Serafin , J. S. Xia L. N. Pfeiffer , K. W. West

When the Coulomb interaction dominates over kinetic energy, electrons can crystallize into a Wigner crystal (WC). This paradigmatic correlated electronic phase has been realized in two-dimensional electron gases with parabolic band…

The crystallographic (charge-ordered) and magnetic superstructures of La0.333Ca0.667MnO3 were studied by high-resolution synchrotron x-ray and neutron powder diffraction. In the antiferromagnetic structure, which was refined using a…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-10-31 P. G. Radaelli , D. E. Cox , L. Capogna , S-W. Cheong , M. Marezio

Quantum particles on a lattice with competing long-range interactions are ubiquitous in physics. Transition metal oxides, layered molecular crystals and trapped ion arrays are a few examples out of many. In the strongly interacting regime,…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-12-02 Yang Xu , Song Liu , Daniel A Rhodes , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , James Hone , Veit Elser , Kin Fai Mak , Jie Shan

Moir\'e patterns of transition metal dichalcogenide (TMD) heterobilayers have proven to be an ideal platform to host unusual correlated electronic phases, emerging magnetism, and correlated exciton physics. While the existence of novel…

When semiconducting transition metal dichalcogenides heterostructures are stacked the twist angle and lattice mismatch leads to a periodic moir\'e potential. As the angle between the layers changes, so do the electronic properties. As the…

When the kinetic energy of a collection of interacting two-dimensional (2D) electrons is quenched at very high magnetic fields so that the Coulomb repulsion dominates, the electrons are expected to condense into an ordered array, forming a…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Yang Liu , H. Deng , M. Shayegan , L. N. Pfeiffer , K. W. West , K. W. Baldwin

The behavior of two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in extreme coupling limits are reasonably well-understood, but our understanding of intermediate region remains limited. Strongly interacting electrons crystalize into a solid phase known…

Wigner crystal, as the most fundamental exemplification where the many-body interaction forges the electrons into a solid, experiences an intriguing quantum melting where diverse intermediate phases are predicted to emerge near the quantum…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2022-09-07 Zhongjie Wang , Meng Zhao , Lu Liu , Chunzheng Wang , Fang Yang , Hua Wu , Chunlei Gao

We study the ground state of a system of spinless electrons interacting through a screened Coulomb potential in a lattice ring. By using analytical arguments, we show that, when the effective interaction compares with the kinetic energy,…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2021-07-29 Massimo Ostilli , Carlo Presilla

Moir\'e superlattice designed in stacked van der Waals material provides a dynamic platform for hosting exotic and emergent condensed matter phenomena. However, the relevance of strong correlation effects and the large size of moir\'e unit…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-06-18 Xiang Li , Yubing Qian , Weiluo Ren , Yang Xu , Ji Chen

Moir\'e superlattices provide a powerful tool to engineer novel quantum phenomena in two-dimensional (2D) heterostructures, where the interactions between the atomically thin layers qualitatively change the electronic band structure of the…

Moir\'e superlattices of transitional metal dichalcogenides exhibit strong electron-electron interaction that has led to experimental observations of Mott insulators and generalized Wigner crystals. In this letter, we report direct…

Wigner crystals (WC) are electronic phases peculiar to low-density systems, particularly in the uniform electron gas. Since its introduction in the early twentieth century, this model has remained essential to many aspects of electronic…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2017-05-01 Fergus J. M. Rogers , Pierre-François Loos