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The capability to modulate the intensity of an optical beam has scientific and practical significance. In this work, we demonstrate Y-Z cut lithium niobate acousto-optic modulators with record-high modulation efficiency, requiring only…
Polarization modulators have a broad range of applications in optics. The acceptance angle of a free-space polarization modulator is crucial for many applications. Polarization modulators that can achieve a wide acceptance angle are…
Advancements in light modulator technology have been driving discoveries and progress across various fields. The problem of large-scale coherent optical control of atomic quantum systems-including cold atoms, ions, and solid-state color…
In display technologies or data processing, planar and subwavelength free-space components suited for flat photonic devices are needed. Metasurfaces, which shape the optical wavefront within hundreds of nanometers, can provide a solution…
Integrated lithium niobate (LN) photonics is a promising platform for future chip-scale microwave photonics systems owing to its unique electro-optic properties, low optical loss and excellent scalability. A key enabler for such systems is…
Photoelastic modulators are optical devices with a broad range of applications. These devices typically utilize a transverse interaction mechanism between acoustic and optical waves, resulting in a fundamental trade-off between the input…
Waveguide-based interferometric circuits are widely employed in optical communications, sensing and computing applications. In particular, glass-based devices are appealing due to the transparency and bio-compatibility of this substrate, or…
Here we present an efficient, visible-light, gigahertz-frequency acousto-optic modulator fabricated on a 200 mm wafer in a volume CMOS foundry. Our device combines a piezoelectric transducer and a photonic waveguide within a single…
Modern advanced photonic integrated circuits require dense integration of high-speed electro-optic functional elements on a compact chip that consumes only moderate power. Energy efficiency, operation speed, and device dimension are thus…
Driven by the prospects of higher bandwidths for optical interconnects, integrated modulators involving materials beyond those available in silicon manufacturing increasingly rely on the Pockels effect. For instance, wafer-scale bonding of…
Electro-optic phase modulators are critical components in modern communication, microwave photonic, and quantum photonic systems. Important for these applications is to achieve modulators with low half-wave voltage at high frequencies. Here…
Free-space modulation of light is crucial for many applications, from light detection and ranging to virtual or augmented reality. Traditional means of modulating free-space light involves spatial light modulators based on liquid crystals…
Segmented, or slow-wave electrodes have emerged as an index-matching solution to improve bandwidth of traveling-wave Mach Zehnder and phase modulators on the thin-film lithium niobate on insulator platform. However, these devices require…
Thin-film lithium niobate is a promising platform owing to its large electro-optic coefficients and low propagation loss. However, the large footprints of devices limit their application in large-scale integrated optical systems. A crucial…
Electro-optical modulators are essential components in optical communication systems. They encode an electrical waveform onto an optical carrier. However, their performance is often limited by inherent electro-optic processes and…
Electro-optical modulation is widely employed for optical signal processing and in laser technology. To date, it is efficiently realized in integrated photonic systems as well as in bulk optics devices. Yet, the achievement of modulators…
Free-space electro-optic (EO) modulators operating at gigahertz and beyond are attractive for a wide range of emerging applications, including high-speed imaging, free-space optical communication, microwave photonics, and diffractive…
Visible-light integrated photonics enables compact platforms for sensing, precision metrology, and free-space data links at visible wavelengths. However, many applications remain limited by the lack of high-speed and robust modulators in…
Optical modulators can be made nowadays with high modulation speed, broad bandwidth, while being compact, owing to the recent advance in material science and microfabrication technology. However, these optical modulators usually work for…
Active photonic integrated circuits (PICs) in the visible spectrum are essential for on-chip applications, requiring low-loss waveguides with broad transparency and efficient, low-power phase modulation. Here, we demonstrate a compact,…