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To alleviate the memory bandwidth bottleneck in Large Language Model (LLM) inference workloads, weight matrices are stored in memory in quantized and sparsified formats. Hence, before tiles of these matrices can be processed by in-core…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Gerasimos Gerogiannis , Stijn Eyerman , Evangelos Georganas , Wim Heirman , Josep Torrellas

In-memory computing hardware accelerators allow more than 10x improvements in peak efficiency and performance for matrix-vector multiplications (MVM) compared to conventional digital designs. For this, they have gained great interest for…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-19 Pouya Houshmand , Marian Verhelst

Generalized Sparse Matrix-Matrix Multiplication (SpGEMM) is a ubiquitous task in various engineering and scientific applications. However, inner product based SpGENN introduces redundant input fetches for mismatched nonzero operands, while…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Zhekai Zhang , Hanrui Wang , Song Han , William J. Dally

General sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is a fundamental building block for numerous applications such as algebraic multigrid method (AMG), breadth first search and shortest path problem. Compared to other sparse BLAS routines,…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-09-15 Weifeng Liu , Brian Vinter

Machine learning (ML) models are widely used in many important domains. For efficiently processing these computational- and memory-intensive applications, tensors of these over-parameterized models are compressed by leveraging sparsity,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-08-11 Shail Dave , Riyadh Baghdadi , Tony Nowatzki , Sasikanth Avancha , Aviral Shrivastava , Baoxin Li

Basic Linear Algebra Subprograms (BLAS) play key role in high performance and scientific computing applications. Experimentally, yesteryear multicore and General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) are capable of achieving up to 15…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2016-11-29 Farhad Merchant , Tarun Vatwani , Anupam Chattopadhyay , Soumyendu Raha , S K Nandy , Ranjani Narayan

Iterative solutions of sparse linear systems and sparse eigenvalue problems have a fundamental role in vital fields of scientific research and engineering. The crucial computing kernel for such iterative solutions is the multiplication of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-12-16 Thaha Mohammed , Rashid Mehmood

Modern day computing increasingly relies on specialization to satiate growing performance and efficiency requirements. A core challenge in designing such specialized hardware architectures is how to perform mapping space search, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-03 Kartik Hegde , Po-An Tsai , Sitao Huang , Vikas Chandra , Angshuman Parashar , Christopher W. Fletcher

Over the past few years, the explosion in sparse tensor algebra workloads has led to a corresponding rise in domain-specific accelerators to service them. Due to the irregularity present in sparse tensors, these accelerators employ a wide…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Nandeeka Nayak , Toluwanimi O. Odemuyiwa , Shubham Ugare , Christopher W. Fletcher , Michael Pellauer , Joel S. Emer

Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference on mobile devices demands efficient hardware acceleration of low-precision (INT8) general matrix multiplication (GEMM). Exploiting data sparsity is a common approach to further accelerate GEMM…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Zhi-Gang Liu , Paul N. Whatmough , Matthew Mattina

General matrix multiplication (GeMM) is a core operation in virtually all AI applications. Systolic array (SA) based architectures have shown great promise as GeMM hardware accelerators thanks to their speed and energy efficiency.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Md Mizanur Rahaman Nayan , Ritik Raj , Gouse Basha Shaik , Tushar Krishna , Azad J Naeemi

Sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is a widely used kernel in various graph, scientific computing and machine learning algorithms. In this paper, we consider SpGEMMs performed on hundreds of thousands of processors generating…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Md Taufique Hussain , Oguz Selvitopi , Aydin Buluç , Ariful Azad

The use of lower precision has emerged as a popular technique to optimize the compute and storage requirements of complex Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). In the quest for lower precision, recent studies have shown that ternary DNNs (which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-06 Shubham Jain , Sumeet Kumar Gupta , Anand Raghunathan

Tensor accelerators now represent a growing share of compute resources in modern CPUs and GPUs. However, they are hard to program, leading developers to use vendor-provided kernel libraries that support tensor accelerators. As a result, the…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Yihong Zhang , Derek Gerstmann , Andrew Adams , Maaz Bin Safeer Ahmad

In this paper, we perform an empirical evaluation of the Parallel External Memory (PEM) model in the context of geometric problems. In particular, we implement the parallel distribution sweeping framework of Ajwani, Sitchinava and Zeh to…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-20 Deepak Ajwani , Nodari Sitchinava

Matrix multiplication computation acceleration has been a research hotspot across various domains. Due to the characteristics of some applications, approximate matrix multiplication can achieve significant performance improvements without…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-05-28 Hongyaoxing Gu

As Deep Learning continues to drive a variety of applications in edge and cloud data centers, there is a growing trend towards building large accelerators with several sub-accelerator cores/chiplets. This work looks at the problem of…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Sheng-Chun Kao , Tushar Krishna

Performance optimization is the art of continuous seeking a harmonious mapping between the application domain and hardware. Recent years have witnessed a surge of deep learning (DL) applications in industry. Conventional wisdom for…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Guoping Long , Jun Yang , Wei Lin

Recent architectures integrate high-performance and power-efficient matrix engines. These engines demonstrate remarkable performance in low-precision matrix multiplication, which is crucial in deep learning. Several techniques have been…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yuki Uchino , Katsuhisa Ozaki , Toshiyuki Imamura

Over the past few years, several microring resonator (MRR)-based analog photonic architectures have been proposed to accelerate general matrix-matrix multiplications (GEMMs), which are found in abundance in deep learning workloads.These…