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Deep neural networks can memorize corrupted labels, making data quality critical for model performance, yet real-world datasets are frequently compromised by both label noise and input noise. This paper proposes a mutual information-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jinghan Yang , Jiayu Weng

We study the quantification of uncertainty of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) based on gradient metrics. Unlike the classical softmax entropy, such metrics gather information from all layers of the CNN. We show for the EMNIST digits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Philipp Oberdiek , Matthias Rottmann , Hanno Gottschalk

With the rise of neural networks in various domains, multi-task learning (MTL) gained significant relevance. A key challenge in MTL is balancing individual task losses during neural network training to improve performance and efficiency…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Lukas Kirchdorfer , Cathrin Elich , Simon Kutsche , Heiner Stuckenschmidt , Lukas Schott , Jan M. Köhler

Softmax with the cross entropy loss is the standard configuration for current neural classification models. The gold score for a target class is supposed to be 1, but it is never reachable under the softmax schema. Such a problem makes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Qi Lv , Lei Geng , Ziqiang Cao , Min Cao , Sujian Li , Wenjie Li , Guohong Fu

Self-training is a well-known approach for semi-supervised learning. It consists of iteratively assigning pseudo-labels to unlabeled data for which the model is confident and treating them as labeled examples. For neural networks, softmax…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Ambroise Odonnat , Vasilii Feofanov , Ievgen Redko

Recent work has argued that classification losses utilizing softmax cross-entropy are superior not only for fixed-set classification tasks, but also by outperforming losses developed specifically for open-set tasks including few-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Tyler R. Scott , Andrew C. Gallagher , Michael C. Mozer

A similarity label indicates whether two instances belong to the same class while a class label shows the class of the instance. Without class labels, a multi-class classifier could be learned from similarity-labeled pairwise data by meta…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Songhua Wu , Xiaobo Xia , Tongliang Liu , Bo Han , Mingming Gong , Nannan Wang , Haifeng Liu , Gang Niu

We initiate the study of fair classifiers that are robust to perturbations in the training distribution. Despite recent progress, the literature on fairness has largely ignored the design of fair and robust classifiers. In this work, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-05 Debmalya Mandal , Samuel Deng , Suman Jana , Jeannette M. Wing , Daniel Hsu

In this paper, we propose a novel information theoretic surrogate loss; normalized conditional mutual information (NCMI); as a drop in alternative to the de facto cross-entropy (CE) for training deep neural network (DNN) based classifiers.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Linfeng Ye , Zhixiang Chi , Konstantinos N. Plataniotis , En-hui Yang

Deep learning has made many remarkable achievements in many fields but suffers from noisy labels in datasets. The state-of-the-art learning with noisy label method Co-teaching and Co-teaching+ confronts the noisy label by mutual-information…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-08-16 Jiarun Liu , Daguang Jiang , Yukun Yang , Ruirui Li

Long-tailed data is still a big challenge for deep neural networks, even though they have achieved great success on balanced data. We observe that vanilla training on long-tailed data with cross-entropy loss makes the instance-rich head…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Mengke Li , Yiu-ming Cheung , Yang Lu

We investigate the problem of machine learning with mislabeled training data. We try to make the effects of mislabeled training better understood through analysis of the basic model and equations that characterize the problem. This includes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-23 Herbert Gish , Jan Silovsky , Man-Ling Sung , Man-Hung Siu , William Hartmann , Zhuolin Jiang

In this study, we systematically investigate the impact of class imbalance on classification performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and compare frequently used methods to address the issue. Class imbalance is a common problem…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Mateusz Buda , Atsuto Maki , Maciej A. Mazurowski

The concepts of conditional mutual information (CMI) and normalized conditional mutual information (NCMI) are introduced to measure the concentration and separation performance of a classification deep neural network (DNN) in the output…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-19 En-Hui Yang , Shayan Mohajer Hamidi , Linfeng Ye , Renhao Tan , Beverly Yang

Machine learning theory has mostly focused on generalization to samples from the same distribution as the training data. Whereas a better understanding of generalization beyond the training distribution where the observed distribution…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-29 Matias Vera , Pablo Piantanida , Leonardo Rey Vega

This paper considers the subject of information losses arising from the finite datasets used in the training of neural classifiers. It proves a relationship between such losses as the product of the expected total variation of the estimated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Brandon Foggo , Nanpeng Yu , Jie Shi , Yuanqi Gao

In this paper, a progressive learning algorithm for multi-label classification to learn new labels while retaining the knowledge of previous labels is designed. New output neurons corresponding to new labels are added and the neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-26 Mihika Dave , Sahil Tapiawala , Meng Joo Er , Rajasekar Venkatesan

In this paper we investigate the usage of regularized correntropy framework for learning of classifiers from noisy labels. The class label predictors learned by minimizing transitional loss functions are sensitive to the noisy and outlying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-01-20 Jim Jing-Yan Wang , Yunji Wang , Bing-Yi Jing , Xin Gao

Minimizing cross-entropy over the softmax scores of a linear map composed with a high-capacity encoder is arguably the most popular choice for training neural networks on supervised learning tasks. However, recent works show that one can…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-03 Florian Graf , Christoph D. Hofer , Marc Niethammer , Roland Kwitt

Assisted by the availability of data and high performance computing, deep learning techniques have achieved breakthroughs and surpassed human performance empirically in difficult tasks, including object recognition, speech recognition, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Shaeke Salman , Xiuwen Liu