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We study the problem of using i.i.d. samples from an unknown multivariate probability distribution $p$ to estimate the mutual information of $p$. This problem has recently received attention in two settings: (1) where $p$ is assumed to be…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-02-28 Shashank Singh , Barnabás Pøczos

We consider the estimation of a signal from the knowledge of its noisy linear random Gaussian projections, a problem relevant in compressed sensing, sparse superposition codes or code division multiple access just to cite few. There has…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Jean Barbier , Mohamad Dia , Nicolas Macris , Florent Krzakala

We consider a mutual information (MI) regularized version of optimal density control of a discrete-time linear system. MI optimal control has been proposed as an extension of maximum entropy optimal control to trade off between control…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Shoju Enami , Kenji Kashima

We are interested in learning data-driven representations that can generalize well, even when trained on inherently biased data. In particular, we face the case where some attributes (bias) of the data, if learned by the model, can severely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-17 Ruggero Ragonesi , Riccardo Volpi , Jacopo Cavazza , Vittorio Murino

We consider a set of probabilistic functions of some input variables as a representation of the inputs. We present bounds on how informative a representation is about input data. We extend these bounds to hierarchical representations so…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-02-03 Greg Ver Steeg , Aram Galstyan

Mutual information provides a powerful, general-purpose metric for quantifying the amount of shared information between variables. Estimating normalized mutual information using a k-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN) based approach involves the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Marko Tuononen , Ville Hautamäki

Deep neural networks (DNNs) achieve remarkable predictive performance but remain difficult to interpret, largely due to overparameterization that obscures the minimal structure required for interpretation. Here we introduce DeepIn, a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-26 Zhiyao Tan , Liu Li , Huazhen Lin

We address the practical problems of estimating the information relations that characterize large networks. Building on methods developed for analysis of the neural code, we show that reliable estimates of mutual information can be obtained…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2007-07-13 Noam Slonim , Gurinder S. Atwal , Gasper Tkacik , William Bialek

The Information Bottleneck (IB) principle offers an information-theoretic framework for analyzing the training process of deep neural networks (DNNs). Its essence lies in tracking the dynamics of two mutual information (MI) values: between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ivan Butakov , Alexander Tolmachev , Sofia Malanchuk , Anna Neopryatnaya , Alexey Frolov , Kirill Andreev

Complex nonlinear models such as deep neural network (DNNs) have become an important tool for image classification, speech recognition, natural language processing, and many other fields of application. These models however lack…

This paper demonstrates dynamic hyper-parameter setting, for deep neural network training, using Mutual Information (MI). The specific hyper-parameter studied in this paper is the learning rate. MI between the output layer and true outcomes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-27 Shrihari Vasudevan

Probability density models based on deep networks have achieved remarkable success in modeling complex high-dimensional datasets. However, unlike kernel density estimators, modern neural models do not yield marginals or conditionals in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-10 Dar Gilboa , Ari Pakman , Thibault Vatter

While Shannon's mutual information has widespread applications in many disciplines, for practical applications it is often difficult to calculate its value accurately for high-dimensional variables because of the curse of dimensionality.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-02 Wentao Huang , Kechen Zhang

Text matching is a core natural language processing research problem. How to retain sufficient information on both content and structure information is one important challenge. In this paper, we present a neural approach for general-purpose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-26 Xixi Zhou , Chengxi Li , Jiajun Bu , Chengwei Yao , Keyue Shi , Zhi Yu , Zhou Yu

Mutual information (MI) is a useful information-theoretic measure to quantify the statistical dependence between two random variables: $X$ and $Y$. Often, we are interested in understanding how the dependence between $X$ and $Y$ in one set…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Chetan Gohil , Oliver M Cliff , James M. Shine , Ben D. Fulcher , Joseph T. Lizier

The mutual information between two jointly distributed random variables $X$ and $Y$ is a functional of the joint distribution $P_{XY},$ which is sometimes difficult to handle or estimate. A coarser description of the statistical behavior of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-17 Yanjun Han , Or Ordentlich , Ofer Shayevitz

A recent article proposed reduced mutual information for evaluation of clustering, classification and community detection. The motivation is that the standard normalized mutual information (NMI) may give counter-intuitive answers under…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Zhong-Yuan Zhang

Measuring geometric similarity between high-dimensional network representations is a topic of longstanding interest to neuroscience and deep learning. Although many methods have been proposed, only a few works have rigorously analyzed their…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-12-12 Dean A. Pospisil , Brett W. Larsen , Sarah E. Harvey , Alex H. Williams

Mutual information (MI) minimization has gained considerable interests in various machine learning tasks. However, estimating and minimizing MI in high-dimensional spaces remains a challenging problem, especially when only samples, rather…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Pengyu Cheng , Weituo Hao , Shuyang Dai , Jiachang Liu , Zhe Gan , Lawrence Carin

Information plane (IP) analysis has been suggested to study the training dynamics of deep neural networks through mutual information (MI) between inputs, representations, and targets. However, its statistical validity is often compromised…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Maximilian Nothnagel , Bernhard C. Geiger