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A bipartite spin system is proposed for which a fast transfer from one defined state into another exists. For sufficient coupling between the spins, this implements a bit-flipping mechanism which is much faster than that induced by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-17 Maximilian F. I. Kieler , Arnd Bäcker

A cyclic random walk is a random walk whose transition probabilities/rates can be written as a superposition of the empirical measures of a family of finite cycles. This identifies a convex set of models. We discuss the problem of…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-04-20 Davide Gabrielli , Carla Valente

A consecutive pattern in a permutation $\pi$ is another permutation $\sigma$ determined by the relative order of a subsequence of contiguous entries of $\pi$. Traditional notions such as descents, runs and peaks can be viewed as particular…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-10-23 Sergi Elizalde

The *somewhere-to-below shuffles* are the elements \[ t_{\ell} := \operatorname{cyc}_{\ell}+\operatorname{cyc}_{\ell,\ell+1}+\operatorname{cyc}_{\ell,\ell+1,\ell+2}+\cdots+\operatorname{cyc}_{\ell,\ell+1,\ldots,n} \] (for $\ell \in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-19 Darij Grinberg

The Fisher-Yates shuffle is a well-known algorithm for shuffling a finite sequence, such that every permutation is equally likely. Despite its simplicity, it is prone to implementation errors that can introduce bias into the generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-13 Stefan Zetzsche , Jean-Baptiste Tristan , Tancrede Lepoint , Mikael Mayer

Motivated by Stanley's conjecture on the multiplication of Jack symmetric functions, we prove a couple of identities showing that skew Jack symmetric functions are semi-invariant up to translation and rotation of a $\pi$ angle of the skew…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-02 Paolo Bravi , Jacopo Gandini

We show that any smooth permutation $\sigma\in S_n$ is characterized by the set ${\mathbf{C}}(\sigma)$ of transpositions and $3$-cycles in the Bruhat interval $(S_n)_{\leq\sigma}$, and that $\sigma$ is the product (in a certain order) of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Shoni Gilboa , Erez Lapid

For a positive integer $n$, a collection $S$ of subsets of $[n]=\{1,\ldots,n\}$ is called symmetric if $X\in S$ implies $X^\ast\in S$, where $X^\ast:=\{i\in [n]\colon n-i+1\notin X\}$ (the involution $\ast$ was introduced by Karpman).…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-06-15 Vladimir I. Danilov , Alexander V. Karzanov , Gleb A. Koshevoy

Let $S_r(p,q)$ be the $r$-associated Stirling numbers of the second kind, the number of ways to partition a set of size $p$ into $q$ subsets of size at least $r$. For $r=1$, these are the standard Stirling numbers of the second kind, and…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-04 E. Rodney Canfield , J. William Helton , Jared A. Hughes

In the cyclic-to-random shuffle, we are given n cards arranged in a circle. At step k, we exchange the k'th card along the circle with a uniformly chosen random card. The problem of determining the mixing time of the cyclic-to-random…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Elchanan Mossel , Yuval Peres , Alistair Sinclair

We show that the poset of shuffles introduced by Greene in 1988 is flag-symmetric, and we describe a "local" permutation action of the symmetric group on the maximal chains which is closely related to the flag symmetric function of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Rodica Simion , Richard P. Stanley

Recall that a Stirling permutation is a permutation on the multiset $\{1,1,2,2,\ldots,n,n\}$ such that any numbers appearing between repeated values of $i$ must be greater than $i$. We call a Stirling permutation ``flattened'' if the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-11-29 Adam Buck , Jennifer Elder , Azia A. Figueroa , Pamela E. Harris , Kimberly Harry , Anthony Simpson

A commonly used characteristic of statistical dependence of adjacency relations in real networks, the clustering coefficient, evaluates chances that two neighbours of a given vertex are adjacent. An extension is obtained by considering…

Applications · Statistics 2013-04-29 Mindaugas Bloznelis , Valentas Kurauskas

We call a permutation $\sigma=[\sigma_1,\dots,\sigma_n] \in S_n$ a {\em cylindrical king permutation} if $ |\sigma_i-\sigma_{i+1}|>1$ for each $1\leq i \leq n-1$ and $|\sigma_1-\sigma_n|>1$. We present some results regarding the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-01-10 Eli Bagno , Estrella Eisenberg , Shulamit Reches , Moriah Sigron

In this paper we generalize permutations to plane permutations. We employ this framework to derive a combinatorial proof of a result of Zagier and Stanley, that enumerates the number of $n$-cycles $\omega$, for which $\omega(12\cdots n)$…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Ricky X. F. Chen , Christian M. Reidys

We prove a number of results, new and old, about the cycle type of a random permutation on S_n. Underlying our analysis is the idea that the number of cycles of size k is roughly Poisson distributed with parameter 1/k. In particular, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-08 Kevin Ford

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the properties of spectral and tiling subsets of cyclic groups, with an eye towards the spectral set conjecture in one dimension, which states that a bounded measurable subset of $\mathbb{R}$…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2023-01-02 Romanos Diogenes Malikiosis

Let G be a finite group. Let pi be a permutation from S{n}. We study the distribution of probabilities of equality a{1} a{2} ...a{n-1}a{n}=a{pi{1}}^{epsilon{1}} a{pi_{2}}^{epsilon{2}}...a{pi{n-1}}^{epsilon_{n-1}} a_{pi_{n}}^{epsilon{n}},…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2020-10-20 Robert Shwartz , Vadim E. Levit

Let $n, k$ and $a$ be positive integers. The Stirling numbers of the first kind, denoted by $s(n,k)$, count the number of permutations of $n$ elements with $k$ disjoint cycles. Let $p$ be a prime. In recent years, Lengyel, Komatsu and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-03 Shaofang Hong , Min Qiu

We investigate the mathematics behind unshuffles, a type of card shuffle closely related to classical perfect shuffles. To perform an unshuffle, deal all the cards alternately into two piles and then stack the one pile on top of the other.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-10-09 Cornelia A. Van Cott , Katie Wang