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Code editing constitutes a fundamental practice in software development, wherein developers modify existing codebases according to natural language requirements. Accurate code editing necessitates a comprehensive understanding of both the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Chaozheng Wang , Zezhou Yang , Shuzheng Gao , Cuiyun Gao , Zongjie Li , Yichen Li , Ting Peng , Hailiang Huang , Yuetang Deng , Michael R. Lyu

Recent research has explored the creation of questions from code submitted by students. These Questions about Learners' Code (QLCs) are created through program analysis, exploring execution paths, and then creating code comprehension…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Teemu Lehtinen , Charles Koutcheme , Arto Hellas

Large pre-trained language models have recently been expanded and applied to programming language tasks with great success, often through further pre-training of a strictly-natural language model--where training sequences typically contain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-13 Fenia Christopoulou , Guchun Zhang , Gerasimos Lampouras

In documents and graphics, contours are a popular format to describe specific shapes. For example, in the True Type Font (TTF) file format, contours describe vector outlines of typeface shapes. Each contour is often defined as a sequence of…

Graphics · Computer Science 2023-04-28 Yusuke Nagata , Brian Kenji Iwana , Seiichi Uchida

Coding is an integral aspect of programming. A programmer can automatically complete a code fragment after writing a few tokens, and the process of automatic completion is known as code completion. Several research studies on code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Shamima Naznin , Dr. Manishankar Mondal

A proper code evaluation metric (CEM) profoundly impacts the evolution of code generation, which is an important research field in NLP and software engineering. Prevailing match-based CEMs (e.g., BLEU, Accuracy, and CodeBLEU) suffer from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yihong Dong , Jiazheng Ding , Xue Jiang , Ge Li , Zhuo Li , Zhi Jin

Code comments play a prominent role in program comprehension activities. However, source code is not always documented and code and comments not always co-evolve. To deal with these issues, researchers have proposed techniques to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Antonio Mastropaolo , Emad Aghajani , Luca Pascarella , Gabriele Bavota

Crafting effective prompts for code generation or editing with Large Language Models (LLMs) is not an easy task. Particularly, the absence of immediate, stable feedback during prompt crafting hinders effective interaction, as users are left…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Chen Zhu-Tian , Zeyu Xiong , Xiaoshuo Yao , Elena Glassman

One of the important scaffolding tasks in programming learning is writing a line of code performing the necessary action. This allows students to practice skills in a playground with instant feedback before writing more complex programs and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-08-11 Oleg Sychev

Formal languages let us define the textual representation of data with precision. Formal grammars, typically in the form of BNF-like productions, describe the language syntax, which is then annotated for syntax-directed translation and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-15 Luis Quesada , Fernando Berzal , Juan-Carlos Cubero

Code completion is one of the most useful features in the Integrated Development Environments (IDEs), which can accelerate software development by suggesting the next probable token based on the contextual code in real-time. Recent studies…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-01 Fang Liu , Ge Li , Yunfei Zhao , Zhi Jin

Code completion has become a central task, gaining significant attention with the rise of large language model (LLM)-based tools in software engineering. Although recent advances have greatly improved LLMs' code completion abilities,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Jiajun Zhang , Zeyu Cui , Lei Zhang , Jian Yang , Jiaxi Yang , Qiang Liu , Zilei Wang , Binyuan Hui , Liang Wang , Junyang Lin

Code language models have emerged as useful tools for various programming tasks, yet they often struggle when it comes to complex ones. In this paper, we explore the potential of curriculum learning in enhancing the performance of these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Marwa Naïr , Kamel Yamani , Lynda Said Lhadj , Riyadh Baghdadi

While language models are increasingly more proficient at code generation, they still frequently generate incorrect programs. Many of these programs are obviously wrong, but others are more subtle and pass weaker correctness checks such as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-01 Alex Gu , Wen-Ding Li , Naman Jain , Theo X. Olausson , Celine Lee , Koushik Sen , Armando Solar-Lezama

When giving automated feedback to a student working on a beginner's exercise, many programming tutors run into a completeness problem. On the one hand, we want a student to experiment freely. On the other hand, we want a student to write…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-11-17 Niek Mulleners , Johan Jeuring , Bastiaan Heeren

Code completion is a prominent application of Large Language Models (LLMs) in software engineering. Due to the near real-time response requirements of this task, base models with small to medium-sized parameters are typically employed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Dongjun Yu , Xiao Yan , Zhenrui Li , Jipeng Xiao , Haochuan He , Yongda Yu , Hao Zhang , Guoping Rong , Xiaobo Huang

Modeling structure and behavior of software systems plays a crucial role in the industrial practice of software engineering. As with other software engineering artifacts, software models are subject to evolution. Supporting modelers in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Christof Tinnes , Alisa Welter , Sven Apel

The ability to automatically complete a partial sketch that depicts a complex scene, e.g., "a woman chatting with a man in the park", is very useful. However, existing sketch generation methods create sketches from scratch; they do not…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Hsiao-Yuan Chin , I-Chao Shen , Yi-Ting Chiu , Ariel Shamir , Bing-Yu Chen

We present a new method for automatically providing feedback for introductory programming problems. In order to use this method, we need a reference implementation of the assignment, and an error model consisting of potential corrections to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2012-11-19 Rishabh Singh , Sumit Gulwani , Armando Solar-Lezama

Code completion has become a common practice for programmers during their daily programming activities. It aims at automatically predicting the next tokens or lines that the programmers tend to use. A good code completion tool can…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Chaozheng Wang , Junhao Hu , Cuiyun Gao , Yu Jin , Tao Xie , Hailiang Huang , Zhenyu Lei , Yuetang Deng