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The presence of sarcasm in conversational systems and social media like chatbots, Facebook, Twitter, etc. poses several challenges for downstream NLP tasks. This is attributed to the fact that the intended meaning of a sarcastic text is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Aditya Shah , Chandresh Kumar Maurya

In multilingual colloquial settings, it is a habitual occurrence to compose expressions of text or speech containing tokens or phrases of different languages, a phenomenon popularly known as code-switching or code-mixing (CMX). We present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Lekan Raheem , Maab Elrashid

Code complexity metrics such as cyclomatic complexity have long been used to assess software quality and maintainability. With the rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) on coding tasks, an important yet underexplored question…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chen Xie , Xiaodong Gu , Yuling Shi , Beijun Shen

The tremendous amount of user generated data through social networking sites led to the gaining popularity of automatic text classification in the field of computational linguistics over the past decade. Within this domain, one problem that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-15 Ankush Khandelwal , Sahil Swami , Syed S. Akhtar , Manish Shrivastava

Background: Developers spend a lot of their time on understanding source code. Static code analysis tools can draw attention to code that is difficult for developers to understand. However, most of the findings are based on non-validated…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Marvin Muñoz Barón , Marvin Wyrich , Stefan Wagner

In this shared task, we seek the participating teams to investigate the factors influencing the quality of the code-mixed text generation systems. We synthetically generate code-mixed Hinglish sentences using two distinct approaches and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-05 Vivek Srivastava , Mayank Singh

Language models (LMs) have exhibited impressive abilities in generating codes from natural language requirements. In this work, we highlight the diversity of code generated by LMs as a critical criterion for evaluating their code generation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Heejae Chon , Seonghyeon Lee , Jinyoung Yeo , Dongha Lee

The term "Code Mixed" refers to the use of more than one language in the same text. This phenomenon is predominantly observed on social media platforms, with an increasing amount of adaptation as time goes on. It is critical to detect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Aryan Patil , Varad Patwardhan , Abhishek Phaltankar , Gauri Takawane , Raviraj Joshi

With the growing presence of multilingual users on social media, detecting abusive language in code-mixed text has become increasingly challenging. Code-mixed communication, where users seamlessly switch between English and their native…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Manish Pandey , Nageshwar Prasad Yadav , Mokshada Adduru , Sawan Rai

Qualitative data analysis provides insight into the underlying perceptions and experiences within unstructured data. However, the time-consuming nature of the coding process, especially for larger datasets, calls for innovative approaches,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Elisabeth Kirsten , Annalina Buckmann , Abraham Mhaidli , Steffen Becker

The diversity across outputs generated by LLMs shapes perception of their quality and utility. High lexical diversity is often desirable, but there is no standard method to measure this property. Templated answer structures and ``canned''…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Chantal Shaib , Venkata S. Govindarajan , Joe Barrow , Jiuding Sun , Alexa F. Siu , Byron C. Wallace , Ani Nenkova

Code-mixing or code-switching are the effortless phenomena of natural switching between two or more languages in a single conversation. Use of a foreign word in a language; however, does not necessarily mean that the speaker is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-03-16 Jasabanta Patro , Bidisha Samanta , Saurabh Singh , Prithwish Mukherjee , Monojit Choudhury , Animesh Mukherjee

Multilingual language models have shown decent performance in multilingual and cross-lingual natural language understanding tasks. However, the power of these multilingual models in code-switching tasks has not been fully explored. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-25 Genta Indra Winata , Samuel Cahyawijaya , Zihan Liu , Zhaojiang Lin , Andrea Madotto , Pascale Fung

Code-mixing(CM) is a frequently observed phenomenon that uses multiple languages in an utterance or sentence. CM is mostly practiced on various social media platforms and in informal conversations. Sentiment analysis (SA) is a fundamental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-25 Suman Dowlagar , Radhika Mamidi

Natural language processing (NLP) techniques have become mainstream in the recent decade. Most of these advances are attributed to the processing of a single language. More recently, with the extensive growth of social media platforms focus…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-12 Ramchandra Joshi , Raviraj Joshi

Multilingual writers and speakers often alternate between two languages in a single discourse, a practice called "code-switching". Existing sentiment detection methods are usually trained on sentiment-labeled monolingual text. Manually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-06-14 Bidisha Samanta , Niloy Ganguly , Soumen Chakrabarti

In this work, we use language modeling to investigate the factors that influence insertional code-switching. Code-switching occurs when a speaker alternates between one language variety (the primary language) and another (the secondary…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Debasmita Bhattacharya , Marten van Schijndel

Intrinsic evaluation metrics for conditional language models, such as perplexity or bits-per-character, are widely used in both mono- and multilingual settings. These metrics are rather straightforward to use and compare in monolingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Wessel Poelman , Miryam de Lhoneux

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable multilingual capabilities despite the extreme language imbalance in the pre-training data. In this paper, we closely examine the reasons behind this phenomenon, focusing on the pre-training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Zhijun Wang , Jiahuan Li , Hao Zhou , Rongxiang Weng , Jingang Wang , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shujian Huang

This paper presents our latest effort on improving Code-switching language models that suffer from data scarcity. We investigate methods to augment Code-switching training text data by artificially generating them. Concretely, we propose a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Chia-Yu Li , Ngoc Thang Vu