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Design and implementation of an optimal and robust single-loop voltage controller is proposed for single-phase grid forming voltage source inverter (VSI). The objective of the proposed controller is to have good reference tracking and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-16 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V. Salapaka

Many countries' policies have shifted rapidly towards using renewable energy for climate reasons. As a result, inverter-based resources are beginning to dominate power systems. Key elements for managing the loss of conventional generators…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Stefan M. Goetz

In this document, a nonlinear control law for a grid-tied converter is introduced. The converter topology consists of a voltage source inverter (VSI) linked to the grid through an inductive-capacitive second-order filter, its input being…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-26 Gerardo Tapia-Otaegui , Jorge A. Solsona , Sebastian Gomez Jorge , Ana Susperregui , Claudio A. Busada , M. Itsaso Martínez

Microgrids are increasingly recognized as a key technology for the integration of distributed energy resources into the power network, allowing local clusters of load and distributed energy resources to operate autonomously. However,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-22 Jeremy Watson , Yemi Ojo , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

Inspired by the kinetics of wave phenomena in reaction-diffusion models of biological systems, we propose a novel grid-forming control strategy for control of three-phase DC/AC converters in power systems. The ($\lambda-\omega$) virtual…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-12-22 Taouba Jouini , Emma Tegling , Zhiyong Sun

Low-frequency oscillations (LFOs) present a significant challenge to the stability and reliability of power systems, especially in grids with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Traditional grid-following (GFL) inverters have…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-02 Tamojit Chakraborty , Anamitra Pal , Sam Maleki

The transient stability of traditional power systems is concerned with the ability of generators to stay synchronized with the positive-sequence voltage of the network, whether for symmetrical or asymmetrical faults. In contrast, both…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-26 Xiuqiang He , Changjun He , Sisi Pan , Hua Geng , Feng Liu

Grid-forming inverter-based autonomous microgrids present new operational challenges as the stabilizing rotational inertia of synchronous machines is absent. The design of efficient control policies for grid-forming inverters is, however, a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-01-18 Yemi Ojo , Jeremy D. Watson , Khaled Laib , Ioannis Lestas

Power distribution systems are experiencing a large-scale integration of Converter-Interfaced Distributed Energy Resources (CIDERs). This complicates the analysis and mitigation of harmonics, whose creation and propagation are facilitated…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Andreas Martin Kettner , Lorenzo Reyes-Chamorro , Johanna Kristin Maria Becker , Zhixiang Zou , Marco Liserre , Mario Paolone

In this paper we propose a distributed dynamic controller for sharing frequency control reserves of asynchronous AC systems connected through a multi-terminal HVDC (MTDC) grid. We derive sufficient stability conditions, which guarantee that…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-15 Martin Andreasson , Roger Wiget , Dimos V. Dimarogonas , Karl H. Johansson , Göran Andersson

Generalized short circuit ratio (gSCR) for gird strength assessment of multi-infeed high voltage direct current (MIDC) systems is a rigorous theoretical extension of traditional short circuit ratio (SCR), which allows the considerable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-21 Guanzhong Wang , Huanhai Xin , Di Wu , Zhiyi Li , Linbin Huang , Ping Ju

Grid-forming (GFM) technology is widely regarded as a promising solution for future power systems dominated by power electronics. However, a precise method for quantifying GFM converter behavior and a universally accepted GFM definition…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-24 Kehao Zhuang , Huanhai Xin , Verena Häberle , Xiuqiang He , Linbin Huang , Florian Dörfler

Power electronic converters enable wind turbines, operating at variable speed, to generate electricity more efficiently. Among variable speed operating turbine generators, permanent magnetic synchronous generator (PMSG) has got more…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2017-07-14 Fattah Hassanzadeh , Hossein Sangrody , Amin Hajizadeh , Shahrokh akhlaghi

This paper proposes an optimal, grid-aware control framework for the islanding, island-operation and resynchronisation of hybrid AC/DC microgrids. The optimal control framework is based on a formally derived linearized load-flow model for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-03-07 Willem Lambrichts , Jules Mace , Drazen Dujic , Mario Paolone

In [1] a new adaptive phase-locked loop scheme for synchronization of a grid connected voltage source converter with guaranteed (almost) global stability properties was reported. To guarantee a suitable synchronization with the angle of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-13 Wei He , Jiachen Yan , Romeo Ortega , Daniele Zonetti

In order to improve dynamic characteristics of the power system with high-proportion renewable energy sources (RESs), it is necessary for the voltage source converter (VSC), interfaces of RESs, to provide inertial and frequency regulation.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-20 Huanhai Xin , Kehao Zhuang , Pengfei Hu , Yunjie Gu , Ping Ju

In the near future, point-to-point High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) systems are expected to evolve into multi-terminal and meshed HVDC grids, predominantly adopting a bipolar HVDC configuration. Normally, bipolar HVDC systems operate in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Chandra Kant Jat , Francesco Giacomo Puricelli , Jef Beerten , Hakan Ergun , Dirk Van Hertem

Unlike conventional generators, inverter-based generation do not possess any rotational inertia. While grid-forming inverters can synthesize small (virtual) inertia via advanced feedback control loops, additional control mechanisms are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-03-25 Soumya Kundu , Karanjit Kalsi

Synchronization is an essential element in three-phase ac electric power systems. The large-scale integration of converter-interfaced resources leads to the power grid transformation from voltage-source-dominated to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-06 Yitong Li , Timothy C. Green , Yunjie Gu

One of the most important challenges facing an electric grid is to incorporate renewables and distributed energy resources (DERs) to the grid. Because of the associated uncertainties in power generations and peak power demands,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-04-15 Mayank Baranwal , Srinivasa M. Salapaka