English
Related papers

Related papers: Comparative assessment of typical controlrealizati…

200 papers

Grid-following and grid-forming inverters are integral components of microgrids and for integration of renewable energy sources with the grid. For grid following inverters, which need to emulate controllable current sources, a significant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-07 Soham Chakraborty , Sourav Patel , Murti V Salapaka

Modular multilevel converter (MMC) has complex topology, control architecture and broadband harmonic spectrum. For this, linear-time-periodic (LTP) theory, covering multi-harmonic coupling relations, has been adopted for MMC impedance…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-08-20 Chu Sun , Fei Zhang , Huafeng Xiao , Na Wang , Jikai Chen

Due to the energy crisis and environmental pollution, the installed capacity of inverter-based resources (IBRs) in power grids is rapidly increasing, and grid-following control (GFL) is the most prevalent at present. Meanwhile, grid-forming…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Yinhong Lin , Bin Wang , Qinglai Guo , Haotian Zhao , Hongbin Sun

This work explores the stability, behavior, variants, and a controller-hardware-in-the-loop (C-HiL) verification of the recently proposed grid-forming (GFM) hybrid angle control (HAC). We revisit the foundation of GFM HAC, and highlight its…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-07-19 Ali Tayyebi , Denis Vettoretti , Adolfo Anta , Florian Dörfler

Learning from two-level voltage source converters, the existing impedance-based stability analyses of modular multilevel converters (MMCs) primarily focus on system modes with finite closed-loop transfer functions, which consider…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-10 Chongbin Zhao , Qirong Jiang

This work investigates the transient and dynamical behavior of hybrid AC/DC systems using dual-port grid-forming (GFM) control. A generalized modeling framework for hybrid AC/DC networks is first introduced that accounts for converter,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Irina Subotić , Dominic Groß , Alexander Winkens , Julian Jansen , Florian Klein-Helmkamp , Andreas Ulbig

Differing from synchronous generators (SGs), grid-forming inverter-based resources (GFM-IBRs) exhibit rapid variations in their output impedances during transmission line faults due to the overcurrent limitation. As a result, the source…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-13 Yifei Li , Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang

Understanding the impact of grid-following (GFL) converters on system frequency dynamics is crucial, from both the center of inertia (COI) and frequency spatial variation perspectives. Part I of this series clarifies the mechanisms by which…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-22 Jiahao Liu , Cheng Wang , Tianshu Bi

In this work, a non-linear controller designed using non-linear transformation linearization and feedback is proposed for an inverter connected to a weak grid through a single-stage inductive filter. The proposed strategy is…

This paper develops a nonlinear grid-forming (GFM) controller with provable voltage-formation guarantees, with over-current limiting enforced via a control-barrier-function (CBF)-based safety filter. The nominal controller follows a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-04 Bhathiya Rathnayake , Sijia Geng

This paper employs modal analysis to study the core inertial dynamics of governor-controlled synchronous generators (GC-SG), droop-based grid-forming (GFM) converters, and their most fundamental interactions. The results indicate that even…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-03 Gerardo Medrano , Santiago Cóbreces

In this paper, we study the interdependency between the power grid and the communication network used to control the grid. A communication node depends on the power grid in order to receive power for operation, and a power node depends on…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-05-13 Marzieh Parandehgheibi , Eytan Modiano , David Hay

The paper discusses fast frequency control in bulk power systems using embedded networks of grid-forming energy storage resources. Differing from their traditional roles of regulating reserves, the storage resources in this work operate as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-22 Kaustav Chatterjee , Ramij Raja Hossain , Sai Pushpak Nandanoori , Soumya Kundu , Diane Baldwin , Ronald Melton

This paper considers the control of AC-AC inter-linking converters (ILCs) in a multi-grid network. We overview the control schemes in the literature and propose a passivity framework for the stabilization of multi-grid networks, considering…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-09 Jeremy Watson , Ioannis Lestas

A multi-input multi-output based grid-forming (MIMO-GFM) converter has been proposed using multivariable feedback control, which has been proven as a superior and robust system using low-order controllers. However, the original MIMO-GFM…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-05 Meng Chen , Dao Zhou , Frede Blaabjerg

Power flow oscillations can occur in power systems after major disturbances such as system faults, which may result in significant power swings and even lead to system collapse. This paper provides a detailed analysis of the efficacy of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-10 Yongxin Xiong , Heng Wu , Xiongfei Wang , Yifei Li

Voltage regulation under conventional grid-forming controllers is tightly coupled to power sharing and dc-link dynamics. Consequently, its tracking accuracy deteriorates during grid faults, sudden power sharing changes, or dc-bus voltage…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-02 Qianxi Tang , Li Peng , Xuefeng Wang , Xinchen Yao

In this paper, we present an analogy for a power system dominated by grid-forming (GFM) sources that proves to be a powerful visualization tool for analyses of power flow, frequency regulation, and power dispatch. Frequency droop…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-12 Minghui Lu , Brett Ross

Grid-forming voltage source converters (GFM-VSCs) are emerging as a solution for integrating renewable energy resources (RERs) into power systems. GFM-VSCs need a self-synchronisation strategy to ensure that all converters and generators in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-05 Regulo E. Avila-Martinez , Xavier Guillaud , Javier Renedo , Luis Rouco , Aurelio Garcia-Cerrada , Lukas Sigrist

Grid-forming (GFM) converter is deemed as one enabler for high penetration of renewable energy resources in power system. However, as will be pointed out in this letter, the conventional power-to-frequency (P-f) GFM control will face a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-10 Chu Sun