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Technology-assisted review (TAR) workflows based on iterative active learning are widely used in document review applications. Most stopping rules for one-phase TAR workflows lack valid statistical guarantees, which has discouraged their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-08-31 David D. Lewis , Eugene Yang , Ophir Frieder

Technology-assisted review (TAR) refers to human-in-the-loop active learning workflows for finding relevant documents in large collections. These workflows often must meet a target for the proportion of relevant documents found (i.e.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Eugene Yang , David D. Lewis , Ophir Frieder

Technology Assisted Review (TAR) stopping rules aim to reduce the cost of manually assessing documents for relevance by minimising the number of documents that need to be examined to ensure a desired level of recall. This paper extends an…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Reem Bin-Hezam , Mark Stevenson

Technology-assisted review (TAR) refers to iterative active learning workflows for document review in high recall retrieval (HRR) tasks. TAR research and most commercial TAR software have applied linear models such as logistic regression to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Eugene Yang , Sean MacAvaney , David D. Lewis , Ophir Frieder

Technology Assisted Review (TAR), which aims to reduce the effort required to screen collections of documents for relevance, is used to develop systematic reviews of medical evidence and identify documents that must be disclosed in response…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Mark Stevenson , Reem Bin-Hezam

Technology-Assisted Review (TAR) aims to reduce the human effort required for screening processes such as abstract screening for systematic literature reviews. Human reviewers label documents as relevant or irrelevant during this process,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Michiel P. Bron , Peter G. M. van der Heijden , Ad J. Feelders , Arno P. J. M. Siebes

One type of machine learning, text classification, is now regularly applied in the legal matters involving voluminous document populations because it can reduce the time and expense associated with the review of those documents. One form of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Rishi Chhatwal , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Robert Keeling , Jianping Zhang , Haozhen Zhao

In the medical domain, a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) attempts to collect all empirical evidence, that fit pre-specified eligibility criteria, in order to answer a specific research question. The process of preparing an SLR consists…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Athanasios Lagopoulos , Grigorios Tsoumakas

We present RLStop, a novel Technology Assisted Review (TAR) stopping rule based on reinforcement learning that helps minimise the number of documents that need to be manually reviewed within TAR applications. RLStop is trained on example…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Reem Bin-Hezam , Mark Stevenson

Conducting a systematic review (SR) is comprised of multiple tasks: (i) collect documents (studies) that are likely to be relevant from digital libraries (eg., PubMed), (ii) manually read and label the documents as relevant or irrelevant,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Grace E. Lee , Aixin Sun

US corporations regularly spend millions of dollars reviewing electronically-stored documents in legal matters. Recently, attorneys apply text classification to efficiently cull massive volumes of data to identify responsive documents for…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Christian Mahoney , Peter Gronvall , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Jianping Zhang

Construction of human-curated annotated datasets for abstractive text summarization (ATS) is very time-consuming and expensive because creating each instance requires a human annotator to read a long document and compose a shorter summary…

The goal of a technology-assisted review is to achieve high recall with low human effort. Continuous active learning algorithms have demonstrated good performance in locating the majority of relevant documents in a collection, however their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-15 Jie Zou , Dan Li , Evangelos Kanoulas

Training and deploying machine learning models relies on a large amount of human-annotated data. As human labeling becomes increasingly expensive and time-consuming, recent research has developed multiple strategies to speed up annotation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ekaterina Artemova , Akim Tsvigun , Dominik Schlechtweg , Natalia Fedorova , Konstantin Chernyshev , Sergei Tilga , Boris Obmoroshev

As academic literature proliferates, traditional review methods are increasingly challenged by the sheer volume and diversity of available research. This article presents a study that aims to address these challenges by enhancing the…

Experience Sampling has been considered the golden standard of in-situ measurement, yet, at the expense of high burden to participants. In this paper we propose Technology-Assisted Reconstruction (TAR), a methodological approach that…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2012-07-10 Evangelos Karapanos

Screening documents is a tedious and time-consuming aspect of high-recall retrieval tasks, such as compiling a systematic literature review, where the goal is to identify all relevant documents for a topic. To help streamline this process,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Xinyu Mao , Bevan Koopman , Guido Zuccon

Code Review consists in assessing the code written by teammates with the goal of increasing code quality. Empirical studies documented the benefits brought by such a practice that, however, has its cost to pay in terms of developers' time.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Rosalia Tufano , Gabriele Bavota

Active learning is a popular methodology in text classification - known in the legal domain as "predictive coding" or "Technology Assisted Review" or "TAR" - due to its potential to minimize the required review effort to build effective…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Christian J. Mahoney , Nathaniel Huber-Fliflet , Haozhen Zhao , Jianping Zhang , Peter Gronvall , Shi Ye

This paper surveys the current state of the art in document automation (DA). The objective of DA is to reduce the manual effort during the generation of documents by automatically integrating input from different sources and assembling…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-27 Mohammad Ahmadi Achachlouei , Omkar Patil , Tarun Joshi , Vijayan N. Nair
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