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Long-range quantum communication, distributed quantum computing, and sensing applications require robust and reliable ways to encode transmitted quantum information. In this context, time-bin encoding has emerged as a promising candidate…

Time-bin qudits have emerged as a promising encoding platform in many quantum photonic applications. However, the requirement for efficient single-shot measurement of time-bin qudits instead of reconstructive detection has restricted their…

We propose a quantum information processing platform that utilizes the ultrafast time-bin encoding of photons. This approach offers a pathway to scalability by leveraging the inherent phase stability of collinear temporal interferometric…

To build a global quantum communication network, low-transmission, fiber-based communication channels can be supplemented by using a free-space channel between a satellite and a ground station on Earth. We have constructed a system that…

The encoding of quantum information in photonic time-bin qubits is apt for long distance quantum communication schemes. In practice, due to technical constraints such as detector response time, or the speed with which co-polarized time-bins…

The ability to detect quantum superpositions lies at the heart of fundamental and applied aspects of quantum mechanics. The time-frequency degree of freedom of light enables encoding and transmitting quantum information in a…

Optics · Physics 2026-04-03 Adam Widomski , Maciej Ogrodnik , Michał Karpiński

Quantum states encoded in the time-bin degree of freedom of photons represent a fundamental resource for quantum information protocols. Traditional methods for generating and measuring time-bin encoded quantum states face severe challenges…

Encoding quantum information in photonic time-bin states is typically considered impractical for moving free-space quantum communication due to the difficulties with phase stabilization of distant quantum time-bin interferometers and…

Time-bin encoding is a robust form of optical quantum information, especially for transmission in optical fibers. To read out the information, the separation of the time bins must be larger than the detector time resolution, typically on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-10-17 John M. Donohue , Megan Agnew , Jonathan Lavoie , Kevin J. Resch

Despite its widespread use in fiber optics, encoding quantum information in photonic time-bin states is usually considered impractical for free-space quantum communication as turbulence-induced spatial distortion impedes the analysis of…

Time-bin encoding of quantum information is highly advantageous for long-distance quantum communication protocols over optical fibres due to its inherent robustness in the channel and the possibility of generating high-dimensional quantum…

We create pairs of non-degenerate time-bin entangled photons at telecom wavelengths with ultra-short pump pulses. Entanglement is shown by performing Bell kind tests of the Franson type with visibilities of up to 91%. As time-bin…

Frequency-bin entangled photons can be efficiently produced on-chip which offers a scalable, robust and low-footprint platform for quantum communication, particularly well-suited for resource-constrained settings such as mobile or…

The field of high-dimensional quantum photonics involves the use of multimode photonic degrees-of-freedom such as the spatial, temporal, or spectral structure of light to encode multi-level quantum states. Recent years have seen rapid…

Space-division multiplexing using multimode optical fibers has been applied to quantum-level signals with time-bin and phase encoding, achieving Mqubits per second over 8 km of few-mode fiber. The dead time of single-photon detectors,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 Mario Zitelli

We employ quantum state and process tomography with time-bin qubits to benchmark a city-wide metropolitan quantum communication system. Over this network, we implement real-time feedback control systems for stabilizing the phase of the…

The future challenge of quantum communication are scalable quantum networks, which require coherent and reversible mapping of photonic qubits onto stationary atomic systems (quantum memories). A crucial requirement for realistic networks is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-18 Imam Usmani , Mikael Afzelius , Hugues de Riedmatten , Nicolas Gisin

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) allows to achieve information-theoretic secure communications, providing high key generation rates which cannot in principle be obtained by QKD protocols with binary encoding. Nonetheless, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 I. Vagniluca , B. Da Lio , D. Rusca , D. Cozzolino , Y. Ding , H. Zbinden , A. Zavatta , L. K. Oxenløwe , D. Bacco

The next generation of telecommunication networks will rely on the transmission of complex quantum states to enable secure and transformative information processing, utilizing entanglement and superposition. Cluster states - multipartite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-14 Philip Rübeling , Robert Johanning , Jan Heine , Oleksandr V. Marchukov , Michael Kues

High-dimensional quantum entanglement can enrich the functionality of quantum information processing. For example, it can enhance the channel capacity for linear optic superdense coding and decrease the error rate threshold of quantum key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-01-22 Takuya Ikuta , Hiroki Takesue
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