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To evaluate clustering results is a significant part of cluster analysis. There are no true class labels for clustering in typical unsupervised learning. Thus, a number of internal evaluations, which use predicted labels and data, have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew

Whether class labels in a given data set correspond to meaningful clusters is crucial for the evaluation of clustering algorithms using real-world data sets. This property can be quantified by separability measures. The central aspects of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-04-11 Jana Gauss , Fabian Scheipl , Moritz Herrmann

In machine learning, the performance of a classifier depends on both the classifier model and the separability/complexity of datasets. To quantitatively measure the separability of datasets, we create an intrinsic measure -- the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew

Internal clustering validity indices (ICVIs) assess clustering quality without ground truth labels. Comparative studies consistently find that no single ICVI outperforms others across datasets, leaving practitioners without principled ICVI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Isabella Degen , Zahraa S Abdallah , Kate Robson Brown , Henry W J Reeve

Nonhierarchical clustering depending on unsupervised algorithms may not retrieve the optimal partition of datasets. Determining if clusters fit ``natural partitions`` can be achieved using cluster validity indices (CVIs). Most existing CVIs…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-06-04 Anri Mutoh , Masamichi Wada , Kou Amano

Being able to evaluate the quality of a clustering result even in the absence of ground truth cluster labels is fundamental for research in data mining. However, most cluster validation indices (CVIs) do not capture noise assignments by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Anna Beer , Lena Krieger , Pascal Weber , Martin Ritzert , Ira Assent , Claudia Plant

Cluster validity indexes are very important tools designed for two purposes: comparing the performance of clustering algorithms and determining the number of clusters that best fits the data. These indexes are in general constructed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Ahmed Ben Said , Rachid Hadjidj , Sebti Foufou

Relative Validity Indices (RVIs) such as the Silhouette Width Criterion and Davies Bouldin indices are the most widely used tools for evaluating and optimising clustering outcomes. Traditionally, their ability to rank collections of…

In machine learning, the performance of a classifier depends on both the classifier model and the dataset. For a specific neural network classifier, the training process varies with the training set used; some training data make training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Shuyue Guan , Murray Loew , Hanseok Ko

Selecting the appropriate number of clusters is a critical step in applying clustering algorithms. To assist in this process, various cluster validity indices (CVIs) have been developed. These indices are designed to identify the optimal…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-12-24 Nathakhun Wiroonsri , Onthada Preedasawakul

There are various cluster validity indices used for evaluating clustering results. One of the main objectives of using these indices is to seek the optimal unknown number of clusters. Some indices work well for clusters with different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-01-09 Nathakhun Wiroonsri

Deep clustering, a method for partitioning complex, high-dimensional data using deep neural networks, presents unique evaluation challenges. Traditional clustering validation measures, designed for low-dimensional spaces, are problematic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-25 Zeya Wang , Chenglong Ye

Validation plays a crucial role in the clustering process. Many different internal validity indexes exist for the purpose of determining the best clustering solution(s) from a given collection of candidates, e.g., as produced by different…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-23 Connor Simpson , Ricardo J. G. B. Campello , Elizabeth Stojanovski

Clustering techniques are often validated using benchmark datasets where class labels are used as ground-truth clusters. However, depending on the datasets, class labels may not align with the actual data clusters, and such misalignment…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Hyeon Jeon , Michaël Aupetit , DongHwa Shin , Aeri Cho , Seokhyeon Park , Jinwook Seo

Clustering is the technique to partition data according to their characteristics. Data that are similar in nature belong to the same cluster [1]. There are two types of evaluation methods to evaluate clustering quality. One is an external…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-05 Anupriya Vysala , Joseph Gomes

Evaluating data separation in a geometrical space is fundamental for pattern recognition. A plethora of dimensionality reduction (DR) algorithms have been developed in order to reveal the emergence of geometrical patterns in a low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 A. Acevedo , S. Ciucci , MJ. Kuo , C. Duran , CV. Cannistraci

An appropriate distance metric is crucial for categorical data clustering, as the distance between categorical data cannot be directly calculated. However, the distances between attribute values usually vary in different clusters induced by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Taixi Chen , Yiu-ming Cheung , Yiqun Zhang

A new interpoint distance-based measure is proposed to identify the optimal number of clusters present in a data set. Designed in nonparametric approach, it is independent of the distribution of given data. Interpoint distances between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Soumita Modak

Data clustering involves identifying latent similarities within a dataset and organizing them into clusters or groups. The outcomes of various clustering algorithms differ as they are susceptible to the intrinsic characteristics of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Bryar A. Hassan , Noor Bahjat Tayfor , Alla A. Hassan , Aram M. Ahmed , Tarik A. Rashid , Naz N. Abdalla

With the inclusion of smart meters, electricity load consumption data can be fetched for individual consumer buildings at high temporal resolutions. Availability of such data has made it possible to study daily load demand profiles of the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-08-04 Mayank Jain , Mukta Jain , Tarek AlSkaif , Soumyabrata Dev
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