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Language models (LMs) have been commonly adopted to boost the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) particularly in domain adaptation tasks. Conventional way of LM training treats all the words in corpora equally, resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yingyi Ma , Zhe Liu , Ozlem Kalinli

Employing pre-trained language models (LM) to extract contextualized word representations has achieved state-of-the-art performance on various NLP tasks. However, applying this technique to noisy transcripts generated by automatic speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Chao-Wei Huang , Yun-Nung Chen

On-device Virtual Assistants (VAs) powered by Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) require effective knowledge integration for the challenging entity-rich query recognition. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study of modeling strategies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Youyuan Zhang , Sashank Gondala , Thiago Fraga-Silva , Christophe Van Gysel

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has witnessed a profound research interest. Recent breakthroughs have given ASR systems different prospects such as faithfully transcribing spoken language, which is a pivotal advancement in building…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Ankitha Sudarshan , Vinay Samuel , Parth Patwa , Ibtihel Amara , Aman Chadha

The utilization of speech Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) models achieves impressive performance on Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). However, in low-resource language ASR, they encounter the domain mismatch problem between pre-trained and…

Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) systems parse speech into semantic structures like dialog acts and slots. This involves the use of an Automatic Speech Recognizer (ASR) to transcribe speech into multiple text alternatives (hypotheses).…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-14 Karthik Ganesan , Pakhi Bamdev , Jaivarsan B , Amresh Venugopal , Abhinav Tushar

As voice assistants become more ubiquitous, they are increasingly expected to support and perform well on a wide variety of use-cases across different domains. We present a domain-aware rescoring framework suitable for achieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Linda Liu , Yile Gu , Aditya Gourav , Ankur Gandhe , Shashank Kalmane , Denis Filimonov , Ariya Rastrow , Ivan Bulyko

Recent dialogue systems rely on turn-based spoken interactions, requiring accurate Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Errors in ASR can significantly impact downstream dialogue tasks. To address this, using dialogue context from user and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Wonjun Lee , San Kim , Gary Geunbae Lee

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) can achieve promising performance with large-scale training data. However, it is known that domain mismatch between training and testing data often leads to a degradation of recognition…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-10 Wenxin Hou , Jindong Wang , Xu Tan , Tao Qin , Takahiro Shinozaki

Conversational speech, while being unstructured at an utterance level, typically has a macro topic which provides larger context spanning multiple utterances. The current language models in speech recognition systems using recurrent neural…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-11 Srikanth Raj Chetupalli , Sriram Ganapathy

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has been extensively investigated, yet prior benchmarks have largely focused on assessing the acoustic robustness of ASR models, leaving evaluations of their linguistic capabilities relatively…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-08-07 He Wang , Linhan Ma , Dake Guo , Xiong Wang , Lei Xie , Jin Xu , Junyang Lin

The effective exploitation of richer contextual information in language models (LMs) is a long-standing research problem for automatic speech recognition (ASR). A cross-utterance LM (CULM) is proposed in this paper, which augments the input…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-03 G. Sun , C. Zhang , P. C. Woodland

Despite extensions to speech inputs, effectively leveraging the rich knowledge and contextual understanding of large language models (LLMs) in automatic speech recognition (ASR) remains non-trivial, as the task primarily involves direct…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Keqi Deng , Ruchao Fan , Bo Ren , Yiming Wang , Jinyu Li

Recent advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR) have combined speech encoders with large language models (LLMs) through projection, forming Speech LLMs with strong performance. However, adapting them to new domains remains…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Yangui Fang , Jing Peng , Xu Li , Yu Xi , Chengwei Zhang , Guohui Zhong , Kai Yu

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models have achieved remarkable accuracy in general settings, yet their performance often degrades in domain-specific applications due to data mismatch and linguistic variability. This challenge is…

Recent studies of streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T)-based systems have fed the encoder with past contextual information in order to improve its word error rate (WER) performance. In…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-31 Alejandro Gomez-Alanis , Lukas Drude , Andreas Schwarz , Rupak Vignesh Swaminathan , Simon Wiesler

Neural network language model (NNLM) plays an essential role in automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems, especially in adaptation tasks when text-only data is available. In practice, an NNLM is typically trained on a combination of data…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-11 Yingyi Ma , Zhe Liu , Xuedong Zhang

End-to-end (E2E) automatic speech recognition (ASR) implicitly learns the token sequence distribution of paired audio-transcript training data. However, it still suffers from domain shifts from training to testing, and domain adaptation is…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-16 Keqi Deng , Philip C. Woodland

Speaker adaptation, which involves cloning voices from unseen speakers in the Text-to-Speech task, has garnered significant interest due to its numerous applications in multi-media fields. Despite recent advancements, existing methods often…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-09 Ruibo Fu , Xin Qi , Zhengqi Wen , Jianhua Tao , Tao Wang , Chunyu Qiang , Zhiyong Wang , Yi Lu , Xiaopeng Wang , Shuchen Shi , Yukun Liu , Xuefei Liu , Shuai Zhang

Neural language models (NLM) have been shown to outperform conventional n-gram language models by a substantial margin in Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and other tasks. There are, however, a number of challenges that need to be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-04 Anirudh Raju , Denis Filimonov , Gautam Tiwari , Guitang Lan , Ariya Rastrow