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The rise of smart devices in critical domains--including automotive, medical, industrial--demands robust firmware testing. Fuzzing firmware in re-hosted environments is a promising method for automated testing at scale, but remains…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Guy Farrelly , Michael Chesser , Seyit Camtepe , Damith C. Ranasinghe

As the complexity of logic designs increase, new avenues for testing digital hardware becomes necessary. Fuzz Testing (fuzzing) has recently received attention as a potential candidate for input vector generation on hardware designs. Using…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Ruochen Dai , Michael Lee , Patrick Hoey , Weimin Fu , Tuba Yavuz , Xiaolong Guo , Shuo Wang , Dean Sullivan , Orlando Arias

Fuzz testing (fuzzing) is a well-known method for exposing bugs/vulnerabilities in software systems. Popular fuzzers, such as AFL, use a biased random search over the domain of program inputs, where 100s or 1000s of inputs (test cases) are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Yuntong Zhang , Ridwan Shariffdeen , Gregory J. Duck , Jiaqi Tan , Abhik Roychoudhury

The way developers edit day-to-day code tends to be repetitive, often using existing code elements. Many researchers have tried to automate repetitive code changes by learning from specific change templates which are applied to limited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Saikat Chakraborty , Yangruibo Ding , Miltiadis Allamanis , Baishakhi Ray

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have achieved remarkable success in tasks such as image captioning, visual question answering, and cross-modal reasoning by integrating visual and textual modalities. However, their multimodal nature…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Fengling Zhu , Boshi Liu , Jingyu Hua , Sheng Zhong

Hardware security vulnerabilities in computing systems compromise the security defenses of not only the hardware but also the software running on it. Recent research has shown that hardware fuzzing is a promising technique to efficiently…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Chen Chen , Vasudev Gohil , Rahul Kande , Ahmad-Reza Sadeghi , Jeyavijayan Rajendran

Hardware-software leakage contracts have emerged as a formalism for specifying side-channel security guarantees of modern processors, yet verifying that a complex hardware design complies with its contract remains a major challenge. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Gideon Geier , Pariya Hajipour , Jan Reineke

Fuzzing has proven to be a highly effective approach to uncover software bugs over the past decade. After AFL popularized the groundbreaking concept of lightweight coverage feedback, the field of fuzzing has seen a vast amount of scientific…

With the rapid adoption of large language models (LLMs) in automated code refactoring, assessing and ensuring functional equivalence between LLM-generated refactoring and the original implementation becomes critical. While prior work…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Simantika Bhattacharjee Dristi , Matthew B. Dwyer

Vision Language Models (VLMs) are prone to errors, and identifying where these errors occur is critical for ensuring the reliability and safety of AI systems. In this paper, we propose an approach that automatically generates questions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiajun Xu , Jiageng Mao , Ang Qi , Weiduo Yuan , Alexander Romanus , Helen Xia , Vitor Campagnolo Guizilini , Yue Wang

Fuzzing continues to be the most effective method for identifying security vulnerabilities in software. In the context of fuzz testing, the fuzzer supplies varied inputs to fuzz targets, which are designed to comprehensively exercise…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Chi Thien Tran

This paper introduces a novel deep learning framework for robust image zero-watermarking based on distortion-invariant feature learning. As a zero-watermarking scheme, our method leaves the original image unaltered and learns a reference…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Abdullah All Tanvir , Frank Y. Shih , Xin Zhong

Deep neural networks have proven to be quite effective in a wide variety of machine learning tasks, ranging from improved speech recognition systems to advancing the development of autonomous vehicles. However, despite their superior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Qinglong Wang , Wenbo Guo , Alexander G. Ororbia , Xinyu Xing , Lin Lin , C. Lee Giles , Xue Liu , Peng Liu , Gang Xiong

A key challenge in eXplainable Artificial Intelligence is the well-known tradeoff between the transparency of an algorithm (i.e., how easily a human can directly understand the algorithm, as opposed to receiving a post-hoc explanation), and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Mojtaba Yeganejou , Kimia Honari , Ryan Kluzinski , Scott Dick , Michael Lipsett , James Miller

Fuzz testing proved its great effectiveness in finding software bugs in the latest years, however, there are still open challenges. Coverage-guided fuzzers suffer from the fact that covering a program point does not ensure the trigger of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Andrea Fioraldi

In some machine learning applications the availability of labeled instances for supervised classification is limited while unlabeled instances are abundant. Semi-supervised learning algorithms deal with these scenarios and attempt to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Roberto Santana , Ivan Hidalgo-Cenalmor , Unai Garciarena , Alexander Mendiburu , Jose Antonio Lozano

Code search aims to retrieve semantically relevant code snippets for a given natural language query. Recently, many approaches employing contrastive learning have shown promising results on code representation learning and greatly improved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Ensheng Shi , Yanlin Wang , Wenchao Gu , Lun Du , Hongyu Zhang , Shi Han , Dongmei Zhang , Hongbin Sun

In this article, we review a class of neuro-mimetic computational models that we place under the label of spiking predictive coding. Specifically, we review the general framework of predictive processing in the context of neurons that emit…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2024-09-10 Antony W. N'dri , William Gebhardt , Céline Teulière , Fleur Zeldenrust , Rajesh P. N. Rao , Jochen Triesch , Alexander Ororbia

Semantic code search is the task of retrieving relevant code snippet given a natural language query. Different from typical information retrieval tasks, code search requires to bridge the semantic gap between the programming language and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-28 Chen Wu , Ming Yan

Keyword Spotting (KWS) systems with small footprint models deployed on edge devices face significant accuracy and robustness challenges due to domain shifts caused by varying noise and recording conditions. To address this, we propose a…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Prakash Dhungana , Sayed Ahmad Salehi