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In continual learning (CL), an AI agent (e.g., autonomous vehicles or robotics) learns from non-stationary data streams under dynamic environments. For the practical deployment of such applications, it is important to guarantee robustness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-11 Minsu Kim , Walid Saad

Continual lifelong learning is an machine learning framework inspired by human learning, where learners are trained to continuously acquire new knowledge in a sequential manner. However, the non-stationary nature of streaming training data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-14 Xingyu Li , Bo Tang , Haifeng Li

We identify two issues with the family of algorithms based on the Adversarial Imitation Learning framework. The first problem is implicit bias present in the reward functions used in these algorithms. While these biases might work well for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-16 Ilya Kostrikov , Kumar Krishna Agrawal , Debidatta Dwibedi , Sergey Levine , Jonathan Tompson

Actor-critic (AC) methods are widely used in reinforcement learning (RL) and benefit from the flexibility of using any policy gradient method as the actor and value-based method as the critic. The critic is usually trained by minimizing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Sharan Vaswani , Amirreza Kazemi , Reza Babanezhad , Nicolas Le Roux

Continual Learning (CL) is an emerging machine learning paradigm that aims to learn from a continuous stream of tasks without forgetting knowledge learned from the previous tasks. To avoid performance decrease caused by forgetting, prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Soobee Lee , Minindu Weerakoon , Jonghyun Choi , Minjia Zhang , Di Wang , Myeongjae Jeon

Generally intelligent agents exhibit successful behavior across problems in several settings. Endemic in approaches to realize such intelligence in machines is catastrophic forgetting: sequential learning corrupts knowledge obtained earlier…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Shawn L. E. Beaulieu , Sam Kriegman , Josh C. Bongard

Prompt-injected memory can improve reasoning without updating model weights, but it also creates a control problem: retrieved content helps only when it is applied in the right state. We study this problem in a strict training-free setting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Yanzhen Lu , Muchen Jiang , Zhicheng Qian , Xingyu Zhou

Real-world applications of reinforcement learning for recommendation and experimentation faces a practical challenge: the relative reward of different bandit arms can evolve over the lifetime of the learning agent. To deal with these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-29 Srivas Chennu , Andrew Maher , Jamie Martin , Subash Prabanantham

Episodic training is a mainstream training strategy for few-shot learning. In few-shot scenarios, however, this strategy is often inferior to some non-episodic training strategy, e. g., Neighbourhood Component Analysis (NCA), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Tao Zhang

Current generation of memory-augmented neural networks has limited scalability as they cannot efficiently process data that are too large to fit in the external memory storage. One example of this is lifelong learning scenario where the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-12 Hyunwoo Jung , Moonsu Han , Minki Kang , Sungju Hwang

The utilization of the experience replay mechanism enables agents to effectively leverage their experiences on several occasions. In previous studies, the sampling probability of the transitions was modified based on their relative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Arda Sarp Yenicesu , Furkan B. Mutlu , Suleyman S. Kozat , Ozgur S. Oguz

Complex tasks are increasingly delegated to ensembles of specialized LLM-based agents that reason, communicate, and coordinate actions-both among themselves and through interactions with external tools, APIs, and databases. While persistent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Alireza Rezazadeh , Zichao Li , Ange Lou , Yuying Zhao , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao

Reinforcement learning is a machine learning approach based on behavioral psychology. It is focused on learning agents that can acquire knowledge and learn to carry out new tasks by interacting with the environment. However, a problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Hugo Muñoz , Ernesto Portugal , Angel Ayala , Bruno Fernandes , Francisco Cruz

Memory-augmented LLM agents offer an appealing shortcut to continual learning: rather than updating model parameters, they accumulate experience in external memory, seemingly sidestepping the stability-plasticity dilemma of parametric…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Qisheng Hu , Quanyu Long , Wenya Wang

Continual Learning requires the model to learn from a stream of dynamic, non-stationary data without forgetting previous knowledge. Several approaches have been developed in the literature to tackle the Continual Learning challenge. Among…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-30 Gabriele Merlin , Vincenzo Lomonaco , Andrea Cossu , Antonio Carta , Davide Bacciu

Multi-agent consensus problems can often be seen as a sequence of autonomous and independent local choices between a finite set of decision options, with each local choice undertaken simultaneously, and with a shared goal of achieving a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-05-12 David Kohan Marzagão , Luciana Basualdo Bonatto , Tiago Madeira , Marcelo Matheus Gauy , Peter McBurney

Artificial autonomous agents and robots interacting in complex environments are required to continually acquire and fine-tune knowledge over sustained periods of time. The ability to learn from continuous streams of information is referred…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-20 German I. Parisi , Jun Tani , Cornelius Weber , Stefan Wermter

Tasks where the set of possible actions depend discontinuously on the state pose a significant challenge for current reinforcement learning algorithms. For example, a locked door must be first unlocked, and then the handle turned before the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-09 Mrinal Verghese , Chris Atkeson

This paper considers an opportunistic scheduling problem over a renewal system. A controller observes a random event at the beginning of each renewal frame and then chooses an action in response to the event, which affects the duration of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2019-06-10 Xiaohan Wei , Michael J. Neely

Memory is a critical component in large language model (LLM)-based agents, enabling them to store and retrieve past executions to improve task performance over time. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study on how memory management…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Zidi Xiong , Yuping Lin , Wenya Xie , Pengfei He , Zirui Liu , Jiliang Tang , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Zhen Xiang