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Fluctuation theorems establish that thermodynamic processes at the microscale can occasionally result in negative entropy production. At the microscale, another distinct possibility becomes more likely: processes in which no entropy is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-11 Abhaya S. Hegde , André M. Timpanaro , Gabriel T. Landi

Fluctuations arise universally in Nature as a reflection of the discrete microscopic world at the macroscopic level. Despite their apparent noisy origin, fluctuations encode fundamental aspects of the physics of the system at hand, crucial…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2011-06-06 Pablo I. Hurtado , Carlos Perez-Espigares , Jesus J. del Pozo , Pedro L. Garrido

Fluctuation theorems are a generalization of thermodynamics on small scales and provide the tools to characterize the fluctuations of thermodynamic quantities in non-equilibrium nanoscale systems. They are particularly important for…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2014-04-03 Jan Gieseler , Romain Quidant , Christoph Dellago , Lukas Novotny

We define a new measure of causation from a fluctuation-response theorem for Kullback-Leibler divergences, based on the information-theoretic cost of perturbations. This information response has both the invariance properties required for…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Andrea Auconi , Benjamin M. Friedrich , Andrea Giansanti

Nonequilibrium complex systems are often effectively described by the mixture of different dynamics on different time scales. Superstatistics, which is "statistics of statistics" with two largely separated time scales, offers a consistent…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-18 Sumiyoshi Abe

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small nonequilibrium systems. While work and heat are equally important forms of energy exchange, fluctuation relations have not been experimentally…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-02-24 Markus Rademacher , Michael Konopik , Maxime Debiossac , David Grass , Eric Lutz , Nikolai Kiesel

A fluctuation law of the energy in freely-decaying, homogeneous and isotropic turbulence is derived within standard closure hypotheses for 3D incompressible flow. In particular, a fluctuation-dissipation relation is derived which relates…

chao-dyn · Physics 2009-10-28 Gregory L. Eyink

Stationary states of Navier-Stokes fluids have been proposed to be described equivalently by several alternative equations, besides the NS equation itself. In particular equivalence between the NS evolution and a reversible. It is natural…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-06-30 Giovanni Gallavotti

We discuss fluctuation relations in simple cases of non-equilibrium Langevin dynamics. In particular, we show that close to non-equilibrium steady states with non-vanishing probability currents some of these relations reduce to a modified…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-13 Raphael Chetrite , Gregory Falkovich , Krzysztof Gawedzki

Entropy creation rate is introduced for a system interacting with thermostats ({\it i.e.}, in the usual language, for a system subject to internal conservative forces interacting with ``external'' thermostats via conservative forces) and a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Gallavotti

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental results in nonequilibrium thermodynamics beyond the linear response regime. Among these, the paradigmatic Tasaki-Crooks fluctuation theorem relates the statistics of the works done in a forward…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-06-19 Gianluca Francica , Luca Dell'Anna

We study an arbitrary non-equilibrium dynamics of a quantum bipartite system coupled to a reservoir. For its characterization, we present a fluctuation theorem (FT) that explicitly addresses the quantum correlation of subsystems during the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-05-22 Jung Jun Park , Hyunchul Nha , Sang Wook Kim , Vlatko Vedral

The fluctuation theorem characterizes the distribution of the dissipation in nonequilibrium systems and proves that the average dissipation will be positive. For a large system with no external source of fluctuation, fluctuations in…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2018-12-18 Guillaume Michel , Debra J. Searles

In this review, we scrutinize historical and modern results on the linear response of dynamical systems to external perturbations with a particular emphasis on the celebrated relationship between fluctuations and dissipation expressed by…

Heat fluctuations are studied in a dissipative system with both mechanical and stochastic components for a simple model: a Brownian particle dragged through water by a moving potential. An extended stationary state fluctuation theorem is…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2007-05-23 R. van Zon , E. G. D. Cohen

Counterfactuals are often described as 'retrospective,' focusing on hypothetical alternatives to a realized past. This description relates to an often implicit assumption about the structure and stability of exogenous variables in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-12-09 Lucius E. J. Bynum , Joshua R. Loftus , Julia Stoyanovich

It is generally admitted in thermodynamics that, for a given change in volume, the work done by a system is greater in conditions of reversibility than in conditions of irreversibility. If the basic conventions of physics are strictly…

General Physics · Physics 2007-10-31 Jean-Louis Tane

We analyze the production of entropy along non-equilibrium processes in quantum systems coupled to generic environments. First, we show that the entropy production due to final measurements and the loss of correlations obeys a fluctuation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Gonzalo Manzano , Jordan M. Horowitz , Juan M. R. Parrondo

We experimentally demonstrate that highly structured distributions of work emerge during even the simple task of erasing a single bit. These are signatures of a refined suite of time-reversal symmetries in distinct functional classes of…

The Gallavotti - Cohen Fluctuation Theorem (FT) implies an infinite set of identities between correlation functions that can be seen as a generalization of Green Kubo formula to the nonlinear regime. As an application, we discuss a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-05-14 Marcello Porta
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