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The probability distribution function (PDF) of the mass surface density of molecular clouds provides essential information about the structure of molecular cloud gas and condensed structures out of which stars may form. In general, the PDF…
We explore data reduction and correction steps and processed data reproducibility in the emerging single crystal total scattering based technique of three-dimensional differential atomic pair distribution function (3D-$\Delta$PDF) analysis.…
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) of Nd doped phosphate glasses have been studied before and after gamma irradiation in order to find the behavior of chemical bonds, which decide the structural…
Neutrino Deep Inelastic Scattering on nuclei is an essential process to constrain the strange quark parton distribution functions in the proton. The critical component on the way to using the neutrino DIS data in a proton PDF analysis is…
We present new sets of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDFs) at next-to-leading order (NLO) and next-to-next-to-leading order (NNLO). Our analyses are based on deeply inelastic scattering data with charged-lepton and neutrino beams…
Single-shot coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) using intense XUV and soft X-ray pulses holds the promise to deliver information on the three dimensional shape as well as the optical properties of nano-scale objects in a single diffraction…
Understanding structure-property relationships is essential for advancing technologies based on thin films. X-ray pair distribution function (PDF) analysis can access relevant atomic structure details spanning local-, mid-, and long-range…
The atomic pair distribution functions (PDF) of four powder samples of YBa2Cu3O6+x (x=0.25, 0.45, 0.65, 0.94) at 15 K have been measured by means of pulsed neutron diffraction. The PDF is modelled using a full-profile fitting approach to…
Deviations from the perfect atomic arrangements in crystals play an important role in affecting their properties. Similarly, diffusion of such deviations is behind many microstructural changes in solids. However, observation of point defect…
The Fraunhofer diffraction of quantum particles from materials with sharp electron-density edges or symmetric bond structures is ubiquitous. In contrast, diffraction from atoms with characteristic asymptotically-diffused electron…
The equations for calculating diffraction profiles for bent crystals are revisited for both meridional and sagittal bending. Two approximated methods for computing diffraction profiles are treated: multilamellar and Penning-Polder. A common…
This paper introduces a new conceptual framework that recasts surface roughness effects as a "ray deflection function" (RDF) which can be statistically represented through a modified Zernike-Fourier hybrid approach that directly connects…
X-ray crystallography (XC) is an experimental technique used to determine three-dimensional crystalline structures. The acquired data in XC, called diffraction patterns, is the Fourier magnitudes of the unknown crystalline structure. To…
In the last decade, and even more so in the last few years, our knowledge of the internal structure of the proton has become more accurate and precise thanks to the large amount of data available and developments in theory and methodology.…
The imaging sharpness of an X-ray telescope is chiefly determined by the optical quality of its focusing optics, which in turn mostly depends on the shape accuracy and the surface finishing of the grazing-incidence X-ray mirrors that…
Quantitative phase analysis is one of the major applications of X-ray powder diffraction. The essential principle of quantitative phase analysis is that the diffraction intensity of a component phase in a mixture is proportional to its…
Fourier methods are fundamental tools to analyze random fields. Statistical structures of homogeneous Gaussian random fields are completely characterized by the power spectrum. In non-Gaussian random fields, polyspectra, higher-order…
X-ray phase-contrast imaging enhances soft tissue visualization by leveraging the phase shift of X-rays passing through materials. It permits to minimize radiation exposure due to high contrast, as well as high resolution imaging limited by…
Parton distributions in impact parameter space, which are obtained by Fourier transforming GPDs, exhibit a significant deviation from axial symmetry when target and/or quark are transversely polarized. In combination with the final state…
We study nuclear effects of charged current deep inelastic neutrino-iron scattering in the framework of a chi^2 analysis of parton distribution functions (PDFs). We extract a set of iron PDFs which are used to compute x_Bj-dependent and…