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Due to the increasing use of Internet by older adults and their low computer and Internet security literacy, their susceptibility to online fraud has also increased. This suggests in turn that there are still too few Internet education…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-03-08 Yousra Javed , Boyd Davis , Mohamed Shehab

In this paper we employ quantitative measurements of cognitive vulnerability triggers in phishing emails to predict the degree of success of an attack. To achieve this we rely on the cognitive psychology literature and develop an automated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Amber van der Heijden , Luca Allodi

Email tracking allows email senders to collect fine-grained behavior and location data on email recipients, who are uniquely identifiable via their email address. Such tracking invades user privacy in that email tracking techniques gather…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Johannes Haupt , Benedict Bender , Benjamin Fabian , Stefan Lessmann

The increasing capabilities of LLMs have led to the rapid proliferation of LLM agent apps, where developers enhance LLMs with access to external resources to support complex task execution. Among these, LLM email agent apps represent one of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Jiangrong Wu , Yuhong Nan , Jianliang Wu , Zitong Yao , Zibin Zheng

People are frequently required to send documents, forms, or other materials containing sensitive data (e.g., personal information, medical records, financial data) to remote parties, sometimes without a formal procedure to do so securely.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Noel Warford , Collins W. Munyendo , Ashna Mediratta , Adam J. Aviv , Michelle L. Mazurek

Phishing, a prevalent cybercrime tactic for decades, remains a significant threat in today's digital world. By leveraging clever social engineering elements and modern technology, cybercrime targets many individuals, businesses, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Het Patel , Umair Rehman , Farkhund Iqbal

The increasing reliance on smartphones for communication, financial transactions, and personal data management has made them prime targets for cyberattacks, particularly smishing, a sophisticated variant of phishing conducted via SMS.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Diksha Goel , Hussain Ahmad , Ankit Kumar Jain , Nikhil Kumar Goel

Spam messages muddle up users inbox, consume network resources, and build up DDoS attacks, spread malware. Our goal is to present a definite figure about the characteristics of spam and spam vulnerable email accounts. These evaluations help…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-11-15 Cynthia Dhinakaran , Dhinaharan Nagamalai , Jae Kwang Lee

This paper examines the cues that typically differentiate phishing emails from genuine emails. The research is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, we identify the cues that actually differentiate between phishing and genuine…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-05-26 Kathryn Parsons , Marcus Butavicius , Malcolm Pattinson , Dragana Calic , Agata Mccormac , Cate Jerram

Phishing is a major cyber threat to organizations that can cause financial and reputational damage, threatening their existence. The technical measures against phishing should be complemented by awareness training for employees. However,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-08-30 Laura Gamisch , Daniela Pöhn

Digital service providers often prioritize a frictionless user experience by adopting technologies that simplify access to their services. One widely used mechanism is the Short Message Service (SMS) to deliver links (URLs) that enable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Muhammad Danish , Enrique Sobrados , Priya Kaushik , Bhupendra Acharya , Muhammad Saad , Abdullah Mueen , Sazzadur Rahaman , Afsah Anwar

Phishing attacks remain among the most prevalent cybersecurity threats, causing significant financial losses for individuals and organizations worldwide. This paper presents a machine learning-based phishing email detection system that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Amitabh Chakravorty , Matthew Price , Nelly Elsayed , Zag ElSayed

Bulk email is often used in organizations to communicate ``important-to-organization'' messages such as policy changes, organizational plans, and administrative updates. However, normal employees may prefer messages more relevant to their…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-07-21 Ruoyan Kong , Chuankai Zhang , Ruixuan Sun , Vishnu Chhabra , Tanushsrisai Nadimpalli , Joseph A. Konstan

Unsolicited bulk email (aka. spam) is a major problem on the Internet. To counter spam, several techniques, ranging from spam filters to mail protocol extensions like hashcash, have been proposed. In this paper we investigate the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Flavio D. Garcia , Jaap-Henk Hoepman

Phishing attacks through text, also known as smishing, are a prevalent type of social engineering tactic in which attackers impersonate brands to deceive victims into providing personal information and/or money. While smishing awareness and…

The Internet is used by billions of users every day because it offers fast and free communication tools and platforms. Nevertheless, with this significant increase in usage, huge amounts of spam are generated every second, which wastes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Omar Husni Odeh , Anas Arram , Murad Njoum

URLs are central to a myriad of cyber-security threats, from phishing to the distribution of malware. Their inherent ease of use and familiarity is continuously abused by attackers to evade defences and deceive end-users. Seemingly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Mahathir Almashor , Ejaz Ahmed , Benjamin Pick , Sharif Abuadbba , Raj Gaire , Seyit Camtepe , Surya Nepal

Large-scale vulnerability notifications (VNs) can help hosting provider organizations (HPOs) identify and remediate security vulnerabilities that attackers can exploit in data breaches or phishing campaigns. Previous VN studies have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Giada Stivala , Rafael Mrowczynski , Maria Hellenthal , Giancarlo Pellegrino

Smishing, or SMS-based phishing, poses an increasing threat to mobile users by mimicking legitimate communications through culturally adapted, concise, and deceptive messages, which can result in the loss of sensitive data or financial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Shaghayegh Hosseinpour , Sanchari Das

In the modern era, mobile phones have become ubiquitous, and Short Message Service (SMS) has grown to become a multi-million-dollar service due to the widespread adoption of mobile devices and the millions of people who use SMS daily.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Dare Azeez Oyeyemi , Adebola K. Ojo