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System identification is of special interest in science and engineering. This article is concerned with a system identification problem arising in stochastic dynamic systems, where the aim is to estimate the parameters of a system along…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-01-27 Christos Merkatas , Simo Särkkä

In this paper, we propose and evaluate the application of unsupervised machine learning to anomaly detection for a Cyber-Physical System (CPS). We compare two methods: Deep Neural Networks (DNN) adapted to time series data generated by a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-25 Jun Inoue , Yoriyuki Yamagata , Yuqi Chen , Christopher M. Poskitt , Jun Sun

Power grids increasingly need real-time situational awareness under the ever-evolving cyberthreat landscape. Advances in snapshot-based system identification approaches have enabled accurately estimating states and topology from a snapshot…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-17 Shimiao Li , Guannan Qu , Bryan Hooi , Vyas Sekar , Soummya Kar , Larry Pileggi

Cyber-physical control systems are critical infrastructures designed around highly responsive feedback loops that are measured and manipulated by hundreds of sensors and controllers. Anomalous data, such as from cyber-attacks, greatly risk…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-10 Tyler Cultice , Md. Saif Hassan Onim , Annarita Giani , Himanshu Thapliyal

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are being increasingly utilized for critical applications. CPS combines sensing and computing elements, often having multi-layer designs with networking, computational, and physical interfaces, which provide…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Julia Boone , Fatemeh Afghah

Model-Based Anomaly Detection has been a successful approach to identify deviations from the expected behavior of Cyber-Physical Production Systems. Since manual creation of these models is a time-consuming process, it is advantageous to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-28 Tom Westermann , Milapji Singh Gill , Alexander Fay

Time series anomaly detection is usually formulated as finding outlier data points relative to some usual data, which is also an important problem in industry and academia. To ensure systems working stably, internet companies, banks and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Zhang Rong , Dong Shandong , Nie Xin , Xiao Shiguang

This research develops a new method to detect anomalies in time series data using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) in healthcare-IoT. The proposed method creates a Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack using an IoT network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-31 Mirza Akhi Khatun , Mangolika Bhattacharya , Ciarán Eising , Lubna Luxmi Dhirani

Cyber-physical systems are infrastructures that use digital information such as network communications and sensor readings to control entities in the physical world. Many cyber-physical systems in airports, hospitals and nuclear power…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Nuno Oliveira , Norberto Sousa , Jorge Oliveira , Isabel Praça

Anomaly detection is the task of detecting data which differs from the normal behaviour of a system in a given context. In order to approach this problem, data-driven models can be learned to predict current or future observations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Benedikt Eiteneuer , Oliver Niggemann

Time series anomaly detection plays a critical role in automated monitoring systems. Most previous deep learning efforts related to time series anomaly detection were based on recurrent neural networks (RNN). In this paper, we propose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-03 Tailai Wen , Roy Keyes

The use of deep learning techniques in detecting anomalies in time series data has been an active area of research with a long history of development and a variety of approaches. In particular, reconstruction-based unsupervised anomaly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Jinsheng Yang , Yuanhai Shao , ChunNa Li

In this study, we focus on the impact of adversarial attacks on deep learning-based anomaly detection in CPS networks and implement a mitigation approach against the attack by retraining models using adversarial samples. We use the Bot-IoT…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Zahra Jadidi , Shantanu Pal , Nithesh Nayak K , Arawinkumaar Selvakkumar , Chih-Chia Chang , Maedeh Beheshti , Alireza Jolfaei

Semiconductor manufacturing is an extremely complex process, characterized by thousands of interdependent parameters collected across diverse tools and process steps. Multi-variate time-series (MTS) analysis has emerged as a critical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Bappaditya Dey , Daniel Sorensen , Minjin Hwang , Sandip Halder

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) greatly benefit by using machine learning components that can handle the uncertainty and variability of the real-world. Typical components such as deep neural networks, however, introduce new types of hazards…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Feiyang Cai , Xenofon Koutsoukos

Anomaly detection on time series is a fundamental task in monitoring the Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) of IT systems. Many of the existing approaches in the literature show good performance while requiring a lot of training resources.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-07 Shi-Ying Lan , Run-Qing Chen , Wan-Lei Zhao

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) play a pivotal role in numerous critical real-world applications that have stringent requirements for safety. To enhance the CPS resiliency against attacks, redundancy can be integrated in real-time controller…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-01 Hao Fu , Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Farshad Khorrami

The threats faced by cyber-physical systems (CPSs) in critical infrastructure have motivated research into a multitude of attack detection mechanisms, including anomaly detectors based on neural network models. The effectiveness of anomaly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-16 Yifan Jia , Jingyi Wang , Christopher M. Poskitt , Sudipta Chattopadhyay , Jun Sun , Yuqi Chen

This paper addresses the problem of detecting time series outliers, focusing on systems with repetitive behavior, such as industrial robots operating on production lines.Notable challenges arise from the fact that a task performed multiple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Charlotte Lacoquelle , Xavier Pucel , Louise Travé-Massuyès , Axel Reymonet , Benoît Enaux

Statistical uncertainties are rarely incorporated in machine learning algorithms, especially for anomaly detection. Here we present the Bayesian Anomaly Detection And Classification (BADAC) formalism, which provides a unified statistical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-26 Ethan Roberts , Bruce A. Bassett , Michelle Lochner