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Reinforcement learning (RL) is used in many domains, including autonomous driving, robotics, stock trading, and video games. Unfortunately, the black box nature of RL agents, combined with legal and ethical considerations, makes it…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Aditi Mishra , Utkarsh Soni , Jinbin Huang , Chris Bryan

Automated planning is a form of declarative problem solving which has recently drawn attention from the machine learning (ML) community. ML has been applied to planning either as a way to test `reasoning capabilities' of architectures, or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Dillon Z. Chen , Rostislav Horčík , Gustav Šír

In various scenarios, a single phase of modelling and solving is either not sufficient or not feasible to solve the problem at hand. A standard approach to solving AI planning problems, for example, is to incrementally extend the planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-24 Gökberk Koçak , Özgür Akgün , Nguyen Dang , Ian Miguel

Recent studies have explored integrating Large Language Models (LLMs) with search engines to leverage both the LLMs' internal pre-trained knowledge and external information. Specially, reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Lang Mei , Zhihan Yang , Xiaohan Yu , Huanyao Zhang , Chong Chen

Answer set programming (ASP) and planning are two widely used paradigms for solving logic programs with declarative programming. In both cases, the quality of the input programs has a major influence on the quality and performance of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-05-09 Patrick Lühne

Language models can be used to solve long-horizon planning problems in two distinct modes: a fast 'System-1' mode, directly generating plans without any explicit search or backtracking, and a slow 'System-2' mode, planning step-by-step by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Swarnadeep Saha , Archiki Prasad , Justin Chih-Yao Chen , Peter Hase , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Mohit Bansal

Language model (LM)-based agents have demonstrated promising capabilities in automating complex tasks from natural language instructions, yet they continue to struggle with long-horizon planning and reasoning. To address this, we propose an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Wenyi Wu , Sibo Zhu , Kun Zhou , Biwei Huang

We define and study the problem of predicting the solution to a linear program (LP) given only partial information about its objective and constraints. This generalizes the problem of learning to predict the purchasing behavior of a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2016-10-27 Shahin Jabbari , Ryan Rogers , Aaron Roth , Zhiwei Steven Wu

While Large Language Models (LLMs) can solve many NLP tasks in zero-shot settings, applications involving embodied agents remain problematic. In particular, complex plans that require multi-step reasoning become difficult and too costly as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Gautier Dagan , Frank Keller , Alex Lascarides

Online linear programming (OLP) has gained significant attention from both researchers and practitioners due to its extensive applications, such as online auction, network revenue management, order fulfillment and advertising. Existing OLP…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Guokai Li , Zizhuo Wang , Jingwei Zhang

The evolution of large language models (LLMs) has enhanced the planning capabilities of language agents in diverse real-world scenarios. Despite these advancements, the potential of LLM-powered agents to comprehend ambiguous user…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Xuan Zhang , Yang Deng , Zifeng Ren , See-Kiong Ng , Tat-Seng Chua

Constraint Programming (CP) and Local Search (LS) are different paradigms for dealing with combinatorial search and optimization problems. Their complementary features motivated researchers to create hybrid CP/LS solutions, maintaining both…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Mateusz Ślażyński

Intelligent agents powered by AI planning assist people in complex scenarios, such as managing teams of semi-autonomous vehicles. However, AI planning models may be incomplete, leading to plans that do not adequately meet the stated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Ronal Singh , Tim Miller , Darryn Reid

With the growing popularity of Large Reasoning Models and their results in solving mathematical problems, it becomes crucial to measure their capabilities. We introduce a pipeline for both automatic and interactive verification as a more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Varvara Sazonova , Dmitri Shmelkin , Stanislav Kikot , Vasily Motolygin

We represent planning as a set of loosely coupled network flow problems, where each network corresponds to one of the state variables in the planning domain. The network nodes correspond to the state variable values and the network arcs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-11-02 Menkes Hector Louis van den Briel , Thomas Vossen , Subbarao Kambhampati

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities in natural language tasks requiring complex reasoning, yet their application in agentic, multi-step reasoning within interactive environments remains a difficult challenge.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Pranav Putta , Edmund Mills , Naman Garg , Sumeet Motwani , Chelsea Finn , Divyansh Garg , Rafael Rafailov

Learning composable policies for environments with complex rules and tasks is a challenging problem. We introduce a hierarchical reinforcement learning framework called the Logical Options Framework (LOF) that learns policies that are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Brandon Araki , Xiao Li , Kiran Vodrahalli , Jonathan DeCastro , Micah J. Fry , Daniela Rus

We propose a new objective for option discovery that emphasizes the computational advantage of using options in planning. In a sequential machine, the speed of planning is proportional to the number of elementary operations used to achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Yi Wan , Richard S. Sutton

With the development of LLMs as agents, there is a growing interest in connecting multiple agents into multi-agent systems to solve tasks concurrently, focusing on their role in task assignment and coordination. This paper explores how LLMs…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Alfonso Amayuelas , Jingbo Yang , Saaket Agashe , Ashwin Nagarajan , Antonis Antoniades , Xin Eric Wang , William Wang

Planning is a fundamental task in artificial intelligence that involves finding a sequence of actions that achieve a specified goal in a given environment. Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for applications that require…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Eran Hirsch , Guy Uziel , Ateret Anaby-Tavor