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The combination of LiDAR and camera modalities is proven to be necessary and typical for 3D object detection according to recent studies. Existing fusion strategies tend to overly rely on the LiDAR modal in essence, which exploits the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-20 Yang Yang , Weijie Ma , Hao Chen , Linlin Ou , Xinyi Yu

Safety-critical sensors in autonomous vehicles (AVs) form an essential part of the vehicle's trusted computing base (TCB), yet they are highly susceptible to attacks. Alarmingly, Tier 1 manufacturers have already exposed vulnerabilities to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-17 R. Spencer Hallyburton , Qingzhao Zhang , Z. Morley Mao , Michael Reiter , Miroslav Pajic

Tele-operated driving (ToD) systems are special types of cyber-physical systems (CPSs) where the operator remotely controls the steering, acceleration, and braking actions of the vehicle. Malicious actors may inject false data in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-07 Subhadip Ghosh , Aydin Zaboli , Junho Hong , Jaerock Kwon

Accurate 3D object detection is critical for autonomous driving, necessitating reliable, cost-effective sensors capable of operating in adverse weather conditions. Camera and millimeter-wave radar fusion has emerged as a promising solution;…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Bingyi Liu , Chuanhui Zhu , Hongfei Xue , Jian Teng , Jipeng Liu , Enshu Wang , Penglin Dai , Pu Wang

LiDAR sensors can be used to obtain a wide range of measurement signals other than a simple 3D point cloud, and those signals can be leveraged to improve perception tasks like 3D object detection. A single laser pulse can be partially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-27 Yunze Man , Xinshuo Weng , Prasanna Kumar Sivakuma , Matthew O'Toole , Kris Kitani

On-road obstacle detection is an important field of research that falls in the scope of intelligent transportation infrastructure systems. The use of vision-based approaches results in an accurate and cost-effective solution to such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Umang Goenka , Aaryan Jagetia , Param Patil , Akshay Singh , Taresh Sharma , Poonam Saini

Intelligent robots rely on object detection models to perceive the environment. Following advances in deep learning security it has been revealed that object detection models are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, prior research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Han Wu , Syed Yunas , Sareh Rowlands , Wenjie Ruan , Johan Wahlstrom

Indoor service robots need perception that is robust, more privacy-friendly than RGB video, and feasible on embedded hardware. We present a camera-free 2D LiDAR object detection pipeline that encodes short-term temporal context by stacking…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Soheil Behnam Roudsari , Alexandre S. Brandão , Felipe N. Martins

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on environment perception and behavior prediction to reason about agents in their surroundings. These perception systems must be robust to adverse weather such as rain, fog, and snow. However, validation of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Harrison Delecki , Masha Itkina , Bernard Lange , Ransalu Senanayake , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

Advancements in LiDAR technology have led to more cost-effective production while simultaneously improving precision and resolution. As a result, LiDAR has become integral to vehicle localization, achieving centimeter-level accuracy through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Yuze Jiang , Ehsan Javanmardi , Jin Nakazato , Manabu Tsukada , Hiroshi Esaki

We present a new way to detect 3D objects from multimodal inputs, leveraging both LiDAR and RGB cameras in a hybrid late-cascade scheme, that combines an RGB detection network and a 3D LiDAR detector. We exploit late fusion principles to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Carlo Sgaravatti , Roberto Basla , Riccardo Pieroni , Matteo Corno , Sergio M. Savaresi , Luca Magri , Giacomo Boracchi

Training a deep object detector for autonomous driving requires a huge amount of labeled data. While recording data via on-board sensors such as camera or LiDAR is relatively easy, annotating data is very tedious and time-consuming,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-05-07 Di Feng , Xiao Wei , Lars Rosenbaum , Atsuto Maki , Klaus Dietmayer

Pseudo-LiDAR 3D detectors have made remarkable progress in monocular 3D detection by enhancing the capability of perceiving depth with depth estimation networks, and using LiDAR-based 3D detection architectures. The advanced stereo 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Yi-Nan Chen , Hang Dai , Yong Ding

LiDAR-based 3D object detectors have achieved unprecedented speed and accuracy in autonomous driving applications. However, similar to other neural networks, they are often biased toward high-confidence predictions or return detections…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Aldi Piroli , Vinzenz Dallabetta , Johannes Kopp , Marc Walessa , Daniel Meissner , Klaus Dietmayer

This paper proposes a novel method to filter out the false alarm of LiDAR system by using the temporal correlation of target reflected photons. Because of the inevitable noise, which is due to background light and dark counts of the…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2017-08-22 Zhenchao Feng , Weiji He , Jian Fang , Guohua Gu , Qian Chen , Ping Zhang , Yuanjin Chen , Beibei Zhou , Minhua Zhou

Most autonomous vehicles (AVs) rely on LiDAR and RGB camera sensors for perception. Using these point cloud and image data, perception models based on deep neural nets (DNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art performance in 3D detection. The…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Mazen Abdelfattah , Kaiwen Yuan , Z. Jane Wang , Rabab Ward

Fully autonomous driving systems require fast detection and recognition of sensitive objects in the environment. In this context, intelligent vehicles should share their sensor data with computing platforms and/or other vehicles, to detect…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-04-27 Valentina Rossi , Paolo Testolina , Marco Giordani , Michele Zorzi

We consider the object recognition problem in autonomous driving using automotive radar sensors. Comparing to Lidar sensors, radar is cost-effective and robust in all-weather conditions for perception in autonomous driving. However, radar…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Peizhao Li , Pu Wang , Karl Berntorp , Hongfu Liu

LiDAR datasets for autonomous driving exhibit biases in properties such as point cloud density, range, and object dimensions. As a result, object detection networks trained and evaluated in different environments often experience…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Deepti Hegde , Suhas Lohit , Kuan-Chuan Peng , Michael J. Jones , Vishal M. Patel

Camera and LiDAR serve as informative sensors for accurate and robust autonomous driving systems. However, these sensors often exhibit heterogeneous natures, resulting in distributional modality gaps that present significant challenges for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yiran Yang , Xu Gao , Tong Wang , Xin Hao , Yifeng Shi , Xiao Tan , Xiaoqing Ye , Jingdong Wang