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We study structured abstraction-based reasoning for the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and compare its generalization to test-time approaches. Purely neural architectures lack reliable combinatorial generalization, while strictly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Anugyan Das , Omkar Ghugarkar , Vishvesh Bhat , Asad Aali

On-the-fly reasoning often requires adaptation to novel problems under limited data and distribution shift. This work introduces CausalARC: an experimental testbed for AI reasoning in low-data and out-of-distribution regimes, modeled after…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jacqueline Maasch , John Kalantari , Kia Khezeli

In this project, we test the effectiveness of Large Language Models (LLMs) on the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) dataset. This dataset serves as a representative benchmark for testing abstract reasoning abilities, requiring a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Liane Galanti , Ethan Baron

Natural-language-facilitated human-robot cooperation (NLC) refers to using natural language (NL) to facilitate interactive information sharing and task executions with a common goal constraint between robots and humans. Recently, NLC…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-08-21 Rui Liu , Xiaoli Zhang

The recent work of Clark et al. introduces the AI2 Reasoning Challenge (ARC) and the associated ARC dataset that partitions open domain, complex science questions into an Easy Set and a Challenge Set. That paper includes an analysis of 100…

Code corpora, as observed in large software systems, are now known to be far more repetitive and predictable than natural language corpora. But why? Does the difference simply arise from the syntactic limitations of programming languages?…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-06-08 Casey Casalnuovo , Kenji Sagae , Prem Devanbu

We present ARCTraj, a dataset and methodological framework for modeling human reasoning through complex visual tasks in the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC). While ARC has inspired extensive research on abstract reasoning, most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Sejin Kim , Hayan Choi , Seokki Lee , Sundong Kim

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus for Artificial General Intelligence (ARC-AGI), introduced in 2019, established a challenging benchmark for evaluating the general fluid intelligence of artificial systems via a set of unique, novel tasks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Francois Chollet , Mike Knoop , Gregory Kamradt , Bryan Landers , Henry Pinkard

Understanding how the brain processes linguistic constructions is a central challenge in cognitive neuroscience and linguistics. Recent computational studies show that artificial neural language models spontaneously develop differentiated…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-18 Pegah Ramezani , Thomas Kinfe , Andreas Maier , Achim Schilling , Patrick Krauss

The Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) tests AI systems' ability to perform human-like inductive reasoning from a few demonstration pairs. Existing Gymnasium-based RL environments severely limit experimental scale due to computational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Aadam , Monu Verma , Mohamed Abdel-Mottaleb

Many real-world tasks require agents to coordinate their behavior to achieve shared goals. Successful collaboration requires not only adopting the same communicative conventions, but also grounding these conventions in the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-02 William P. McCarthy , Robert D. Hawkins , Haoliang Wang , Cameron Holdaway , Judith E. Fan

Within Multi Agent Systems, communication by means of Agent Communication Languages (ACLs) has a key role to play in the co-operation, co-ordination and knowledge-sharing between agents. Despite this, complex reasoning about agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2015-08-12 David Lillis , Rem W. Collier`

Reasoning benchmarks such as the Abstraction and Reasoning Corpus (ARC) and ARC-AGI are widely used to assess progress in artificial intelligence and are often interpreted as probes of core, so-called ``fluid'' reasoning abilities. Despite…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Xinhe Wang , Jin Huang , Xingjian Zhang , Tianhao Wang , Jiaqi W. Ma

Natural language is widely used to describe, prompt, and control audio systems, but rarely serves as the representation carrying audio itself. We introduce lexical acoustic coding (LAC), a framework in which pre-trained LLM sender and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Emanuele Rossi , Emanuele Rodolà

Reasoning about actions and change (RAC) is essential to understand and interact with the ever-changing environment. Previous AI research has shown the importance of fundamental and indispensable knowledge of actions, i.e., preconditions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Weinan He , Canming Huang , Zhanhao Xiao , Yongmei Liu

Traditional Artificial Cognitive Systems (for example, intelligent robots) share a number of limitations. First, they are usually made up only of machine components; humans are only playing the role of user or supervisor. And yet, there are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-12-10 N. Mavridis , S. Konstantopoulos , I. Vetsikas , I. Heldal , P. Karampiperis , G. Mathiason , S. Thill , K. Stathis , V. Karkaletsis

Abstract Visual Reasoning (AVR) problems are commonly used to approximate human intelligence. They test the ability of applying previously gained knowledge, experience and skills in a completely new setting, which makes them particularly…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-02-27 Mikołaj Małkiński , Jacek Mańdziuk

A typical way in which a machine acquires knowledge from humans is by programming. Compared to learning from demonstrations or experiences, programmatic learning allows the machine to acquire a novel skill as soon as the program is written,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Leonardo Hernandez Cano , Yewen Pu , Robert D. Hawkins , Josh Tenenbaum , Armando Solar-Lezama

Novel user interfaces based on artificial intelligence, such as natural-language agents, present new categories of engineering challenges. These systems need to cope with uncertainty and ambiguity, interface with machine learning…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-09-18 Alex Renda , Harrison Goldstein , Sarah Bird , Chris Quirk , Adrian Sampson

While we do not always use words, communicating what we want to an AI is a conversation -- with ourselves as well as with it, a recurring loop with optional steps depending on the complexity of the situation and our request. Any given…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Elena L. Glassman