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We prove that a $4d$ theory of non-linear electrodynamics has equations of motion which are equivalent to those of the Maxwell theory in curved spacetime, but with the usual metric $g_{\mu \nu}$ replaced by a unit-determinant metric $h_{\mu…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2025-01-22 Christian Ferko , Cian Luke Martin

Recently Bandos, Lechner, Sorokin, and Townsend [arXiv:2007.09092] have discovered that Maxwell's electrodynamics can be generalized so that the resulting nonlinear theory preserves both conformal invariance and SO(2) duality-rotation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-10-13 B. P. Kosyakov

As a generalisation of the recent construction by Russo and Townsend, we propose a new approach to generate $\mathsf{U}(1)$ duality-invariant models for nonlinear electrodynamics. It is based on the use of two building blocks: (i) a fixed…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-06 Sergei M. Kuzenko , Jonah Ruhl

We construct a Lagrangian for general nonlinear electrodynamics that features electric and magnetic potentials on equal footing. In the language of this Lagrangian, discrete and continuous electric-magnetic duality symmetries can be…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-01-06 Zhirayr Avetisyan , Oleg Evnin , Karapet Mkrtchyan

We examine Podolsky's electrodynamics, which is noninvariant under the usual duality transformation. We deduce a generalization of Hodge's star duality, which leads to a dual gauge field and restores to a certain extent the dual symmetry.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-10-11 F. T. Brandt , J. Frenkel , D. G. C. McKeon

We elaborate on the duality-symmetric nonlinear electrodynamics in a new formulation with auxiliary tensor fields. The Maxwell field strength appears only in bilinear terms of the corresponding generic Lagrangian, while the self-interaction…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-10 E. A. Ivanov , B. M. Zupnik

A maximally symmetric non-linear extension of Maxwell's theory in four dimensions called ModMax has been recently introduced in the literature. This theory preserves both electromagnetic duality and conformal invariance of the linear…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-10-05 Aritra Banerjee , Aditya Mehra

In this letter, we investigate the deformation of the ModMax theory, as a unique Lagrangian of non-linear electrodynamics preserving both conformal and electromagnetic-duality invariance, under $T\bar{T}$-like flows. We will show that the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-04-20 H. Babaei-Aghbolagh , Komeil Babaei Velni , Davood Mahdavian Yekta , H. Mohammadzadeh

All nonlinear extensions of the source-free Maxwell equations preserving both SO(2) electromagnetic duality invariance and conformal invariance are found, and shown to be limits of a one-parameter generalisation of Born-Infeld…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-01-04 Igor Bandos , Kurt Lechner , Dmitri Sorokin , Paul K. Townsend

In this work, we study the duality symmetry group of Carrollian (nonlinear) electrodynamics and propose a family of Carrollian ModMax theories, which are invariant under Carrollian $\text{SO}(2)$ electromagnetic (EM) duality transformations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-06 Bin Chen , Jue Hou , Haowei Sun

Duality is one of the oldest known symmetries of Maxwell equations. In recent years the significance of duality symmetry has been recognized in superstrings and high energy physics and there has been a renewed interest on the question of…

General Physics · Physics 2012-06-19 S. C. Tiwari

A general approach is presented to describing nonlinear classical Maxwell electrodynamics with conformal symmetry. We introduce generalized nonlinear constitutive equations, expressed in terms of constitutive tensors dependent on…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-01-29 Steven Duplij , Gerald A. Goldin , Vladimir M. Shtelen

We consider couplings of electrically and magnetically charged sources to the maximally symmetric non-linear extension of Maxwell's theory called ModMax. The aim is to reveal physical effects which distinguish ModMax from Maxwell's…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2022-08-17 Kurt Lechner , Pieralberto Marchetti , Andrea Sainaghi , Dmitri P. Sorokin

We start this paper by concisely rederiving ModMax, which is nothing but the unique nonlinear extension of Maxwell's equations preserving conformal and duality invariance. The merit of this new derivation is its transparency and simplicity…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-10 Eloy Ayón-Beato , Daniel Flores-Alfonso , Mokhtar Hassaine

The concept of self-dual supersymmetric nonlinear electrodynamics is generalized to a curved superspace of N = 1 supergravity, for both the old minimal and the new minimal versions of N = 1 supergravity. We derive the self-duality equation,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-11-07 Sergei M. Kuzenko , Shane A. McCarthy

Given a model for self-dual non-linear electrodynamics in four spacetime dimensions, any deformation of this theory which is constructed from the duality-invariant energy-momentum tensor preserves duality invariance. In this work we present…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-11-30 Christian Ferko , Sergei M. Kuzenko , Liam Smith , Gabriele Tartaglino-Mazzucchelli

We explore dynamical features of the maximally symmetric nonlinear extension of classical electromagnetism, recently proposed in the literature as ``ModMax'' electrodynamics. This family of theories is the only one that preserves all the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-24 Juan Manuel Diaz , Marcelo E. Rubio

We develop a general formalism of duality rotations for bosonic conformal spin-$s$ gauge fields, with $s\geq 2$, in a conformally flat four-dimensional spacetime. In the $s=1$ case this formalism is equivalent to the theory of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2026-01-06 Sergei M. Kuzenko , Emmanouil S. N. Raptakis

We present higher-derivative deformations of the ModMax theory which preserve both $\mathsf{U}(1)$ duality symmetry and Weyl invariance. In particular, we single out a class of deformations expected to describe a low-energy effective action…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-05-08 Sergei M. Kuzenko , Emmanouil S. N. Raptakis

It is shown how to break the symmetry of a Lagrangian with duality symmetry between electric and magnetic monopoles, so that at low energy, electric monopole interactions continue to be observed but magnetic monopole interactions become…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Jay R. Yablon
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