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Transliteration has emerged as a promising means to bridge the gap between various languages in multilingual NLP, showing promising results especially for languages using non-Latin scripts. We investigate the degree to which shared script,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Haeji Jung , Jinju Kim , Kyungjin Kim , Youjeong Roh , David R. Mortensen

Over the past three years, the rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has had a profound impact on multiple areas of Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly in Natural Language Processing (NLP) across diverse languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Haneh Rhel , Dmitri Roussinov

Word embeddings are a core component of modern natural language processing systems, making the ability to thoroughly evaluate them a vital task. We describe DiaLex, a benchmark for intrinsic evaluation of dialectal Arabic word embedding.…

Despite an ever growing number of word representation models introduced for a large number of languages, there is a lack of a standardized technique to provide insights into what is captured by these models. Such insights would help the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Gözde Gül Şahin , Clara Vania , Ilia Kuznetsov , Iryna Gurevych

Tokenization -- the process of decomposing a given text into a sequence of subwords called tokens -- is one of the key components in the development of language models. Particularly, auto-regressive language models generate texts token by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Daiki Chijiwa , Taku Hasegawa , Kyosuke Nishida , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Tomoya Ohba , Tamao Sakao , Susumu Takeuchi

The first step of processing a question in Question Answering(QA) Systems is to carry out a detailed analysis of the question for the purpose of determining what it is asking for and how to perfectly approach answering it. Our Question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Waheeb Ahmed , Dr. Anto P Babu

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is today a very active field of research and innovation. Many applications need however big sets of data for supervised learning, suitably labelled for the training purpose. This includes applications for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-23 ElMehdi Boujou , Hamza Chataoui , Abdellah El Mekki , Saad Benjelloun , Ikram Chairi , Ismail Berrada

The classification of short texts is a common subtask in Information Retrieval (IR). Recent advances in graph machine learning have led to interest in graph-based approaches for low resource scenarios, showing promise in such settings.…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Gregor Donabauer , Udo Kruschwitz

Tokenization defines the foundation of multilingual language models by determining how words are represented and shared across languages. However, existing methods often fail to support effective cross-lingual transfer because semantically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar , Fajri Koto

Data contamination undermines the validity of Large Language Model evaluation by enabling models to rely on memorized benchmark content rather than true generalization. While prior work has proposed contamination detection methods, these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Chaymaa Abbas , Nour Shamaa , Mariette Awad

Modern language models operate on subword-tokenized text in order to make a trade-off between model size, inference speed, and vocabulary coverage. A side effect of this is that, during inference, models are evaluated by measuring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 David Pohl , Marco Cognetta , Junyoung Lee , Naoaki Okazaki

The prevalence of toxic content on social media platforms, such as hate speech, offensive language, and misogyny, presents serious challenges to our interconnected society. These challenging issues have attracted widespread attention in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Abdelkader El Mahdaouy , Abdellah El Mekki , Ahmed Oumar , Hajar Mousannif , Ismail Berrada

Modern tokenizers employ deterministic algorithms to map text into a single "canonical" token sequence, yet the same string can be encoded as many non-canonical tokenizations using the tokenizer vocabulary. In this work, we investigate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Brian Siyuan Zheng , Alisa Liu , Orevaoghene Ahia , Jonathan Hayase , Yejin Choi , Noah A. Smith

Text classification is a task of automatic classification of text into one of the predefined categories. The problem of text classification has been widely studied in different communities like natural language processing, data mining and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2014-06-24 Reshma Prasad , Mary Priya Sebastian

In this paper, an approach for hate speech detection against women in Arabic community on social media (e.g. Youtube) is proposed. In the literature, similar works have been presented for other languages such as English. However, to the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-06 Imane Guellil , Ahsan Adeel , Faical Azouaou , Mohamed Boubred , Yousra Houichi , Akram Abdelhaq Moumna

Tokenization serves as a foundational step for Large Language Models (LLMs) to process text. In new domains or languages, the inefficiency of the tokenizer will slow down the training and generation of LLM. The mismatch in vocabulary also…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Chong Li , Jiajun Zhang , Chengqing Zong

In this paper, we propose a robust approach for text extraction and recognition from Arabic news video sequence. The text included in video sequences is an important needful for indexing and searching system. However, this text is difficult…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2013-08-16 M. Ben Halima , H. Karray , A. M. Alimi

We present AraLingBench: a fully human annotated benchmark for evaluating the Arabic linguistic competence of large language models (LLMs). The benchmark spans five core categories: grammar, morphology, spelling, reading comprehension, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Mohammad Zbeeb , Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud , Sina Mukalled , Nadine Rizk , Fatima Karnib , Issam Lakkis , Ammar Mohanna , Bernard Ghanem

The main aim of this study is the assessment and discussion of a model for hand-written Arabic through segmentation. The framework is proposed based on three steps: pre-processing, segmentation, and evaluation. In the pre-processing step,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-11 Nisreen AbdAllah , Serestina Viriri

The NLP pipeline has evolved dramatically in the last few years. The first step in the pipeline is to find suitable annotated datasets to evaluate the tasks we are trying to solve. Unfortunately, most of the published datasets lack metadata…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Zaid Alyafeai , Maraim Masoud , Mustafa Ghaleb , Maged S. Al-shaibani