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Programmable neutral atom arrays show great promise for fault-tolerant quantum computing. A dominant physical error on this platform is qubit leakage and loss, notably decay errors from the Rydberg state during two-qubit gates. Such leakage…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-28 Cheng-Cheng Yu , Zi-Han Chen , Yu-Hao Deng , Ming-Cheng Chen , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

One of the leading quantum computing architectures is based on the two-dimensional (2D) surface code. This code has many advantageous properties such as a high error threshold and a planar layout of physical qubits where each physical qubit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-12-06 Michael Vasmer , Dan E. Browne

We show how looped pipeline architectures - which use short-range shuttling of physical qubits to achieve a finite amount of non-local connectivity - can be used to efficiently implement the fault-tolerant non-Clifford gate between 2D…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-17 Thomas R. Scruby , Kae Nemoto , Zhenyu Cai

Measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) is a protocol for quantum computation that represents a model distinct from the circuit-based approach. MBQC has been proposed not only for qubits but also for qudits, continuous-variable (CV)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-30 Genji Fujii

We propose two schemes for implementing graph states useful for fault-tolerant topological measurement-based quantum computation in 2D optical lattices. We show that bilayer cluster and surface code states can be created by global…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-08-09 Jaewoo Joo , Emilio Alba , Juan José García-Ripoll , Timothy P. Spiller

We investigate a family of fault-tolerant quantum error correction schemes based on the concatenation of small error detection or error correction codes with the three-dimensional cluster state. We propose fault-tolerant state preparation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-23 Zhaoyi Li , Isaac Kim , Patrick Hayden

Fault-tolerant operations based on stabilizer codes are the state of the art in suppressing error rates in quantum computations. Most such codes do not permit a straightforward implementation of non-Clifford logical operations, which are…

High-rate and large-distance quantum codes are expected to make fault-tolerant quantum computing more efficient, but most of them lack efficient fault-tolerant encoded-state preparation methods. We propose such a fault-tolerant encoder for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Naoyuki Kanomata , Hayato Goto

We present a detailed description of an architecture for fault-tolerant quantum computation, which is based on the cluster model of encoded qubits. In this cluster-based architecture, concatenated computation is implemented in a quite…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-30 Keisuke Fujii , Katsuji Yamamoto

The idea of topological quantum computation (TQC) is to store and manipulate quantum information in an intrinsically fault-tolerant manner by utilizing the physics of topologically ordered phases of matter. Currently, one of the most…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2015-09-25 Maissam Barkeshli , Jay D. Sau

Measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) is a strong contender for realizing quantum computers. A critical question for MBQC is the identification of resource graph states that can enable universal quantum computation. Any such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Brent Harrison , Vishnu Iyer , Ojas Parekh , Kevin Thompson , Andrew Zhao

Measurement-based quantum computing (MBQC) is a promising approach to reducing circuit depth in noisy intermediate-scale quantum algorithms such as the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE). Unlike gate-based computing, MBQC employs local…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-21 Anna Schroeder , Matthias Heller , Mariami Gachechiladze

Recent advances in quantum hardware are bringing fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) closer to reality. In the early stage of FTQC, however, the numbers of available logical qubits and high-fidelity $T$ gates remain limited, making it…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-04 Yuya O. Nakagawa , Yasunori Lee

Measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) offers a promising paradigm for photonic quantum computing, but its implementation requires the generation of specific non-Gaussian resource states. While continuous-variable encodings such as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-22 G. P. Teja , Radim Filip

A quantum computer can solve hard problems - such as prime factoring, database searching, and quantum simulation - at the cost of needing to protect fragile quantum states from error. Quantum error correction provides this protection, by…

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction provides a strategy to protect information processed by a quantum computer against noise which would otherwise corrupt the data. A fault-tolerant universal quantum computer must implement a universal…

We study measurement-based quantum computation (MQC) using as quantum resource the planar code state on a two-dimensional square lattice (planar analogue of the toric code). It is shown that MQC with the planar code state can be efficiently…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Sergey Bravyi , Robert Raussendorf

Encoding quantum information to protect it from errors is essential for performing large-scale quantum computations. Performing a universal set of quantum gates on encoded states demands a potentially large resource overhead and minimizing…

Quantum low-density parity check (qLDPC) codes are among the leading candidates to realize error-corrected quantum memories with low qubit overhead. Potentially high encoding rates and large distance relative to their block size make them…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Josias Old , Juval Bechar , Markus Müller , Sascha Heußen

Correcting errors in real time is essential for reliable large-scale quantum computations. Realizing this high-level function requires a system capable of several low-level primitives, including single-qubit and two-qubit operations,…