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Hardware/Software (HW/SW) co-designed processors provide a promising solution to the power and complexity problems of the modern microprocessors by keeping their hardware simple. Moreover, they employ several runtime optimizations to…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Rakesh Kumar , Alejandro Martinez , Antonio Gonzalez

Processor design and verification require a synergistic approach that combines instruction-level functional simulations with precise hardware emulations. The trade-off between speed and accuracy in the instruction set simulation poses a…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kun Qin , Xiaorang Guo , Martin Schulz , Carsten Trinitis

Low bit-width Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) enable deployment of complex machine learning models on constrained devices such as microcontrollers (MCUs) by reducing their memory footprint. Fine-grained asymmetric quantization (i.e.,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-09 Gianmarco Ottavi , Angelo Garofalo , Giuseppe Tagliavini , Francesco Conti , Luca Benini , Davide Rossi

In recent years, the decoding algorithms in communication networks are becoming increasingly complex aiming to achieve high reliability in correctly decoding received messages. These decoding algorithms involve computationally complex…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Waqar Ahmad , Imran Hafeez Abbassi , Usman Sanwal , Hasan Mahmood

Compared to the first generation of deep neural networks, dominated by regular, compute-intensive kernels such as matrix multiplications (MatMuls) and convolutions, modern decoder-based transformers interleave attention, normalization, and…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Max Wipfli , Gamze İslamoğlu , Navaneeth Kunhi Purayil , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

While Transformers are dominated by Floating-Point (FP) Matrix-Multiplications, their aggressive acceleration through dedicated hardware or many-core programmable systems has shifted the performance bottleneck to non-linear functions like…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Run Wang , Gamze Islamoglu , Andrea Belano , Viviane Potocnik , Francesco Conti , Angelo Garofalo , Luca Benini

Modern microprocessors extend their instruction set architecture (ISA) with Single Instruction, Multiple Data (SIMD) operations to improve performance. The Intel Advanced Vector Extensions (AVX) enhance the x86 ISA and are widely supported…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-27 Laslo Hunhold

With the rapid development of scientific computation, more and more researchers and developers are committed to implementing various workloads/operations on different devices. Among all these devices, NVIDIA GPU is the most popular choice…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-09-03 Ruobing Han , Blaise Tine , Jaewon Lee , Jaewoong Sim , Hyesoon Kim

Specialized Deep Learning (DL) acceleration stacks, designed for a specific set of frameworks, model architectures, operators, and data types, offer the allure of high performance while sacrificing flexibility. Changes in algorithms,…

RISC-V is an extendable Instruction Set Architecture, growing in popularity for embedded systems. However, optimizing it to specific requirements, imposes a great deal of manual effort. To bridge the gap between software and ISA, the tool…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Andreas Hager-Clukas , Philipp van Kempen , Stefan Wallentowitz

In-cache computing technology transforms existing caches into long-vector compute units and offers low-cost alternatives to building expensive vector engines for mobile CPUs. Unfortunately, existing long-vector Instruction Set Architecture…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Alireza Khadem , Daichi Fujiki , Hilbert Chen , Yufeng Gu , Nishil Talati , Scott Mahlke , Reetuparna Das

RISC-V CPUs leverage the RVV (RISC-V Vector) extension to accelerate data-parallel workloads. In addition to arithmetic operations, RVV includes powerful permutation instructions that enable flexible element rearrangement within vector…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vasileios Titopoulos , George Alexakis , Chrysostomos Nicopoulos , Giorgos Dimitrakopoulos

A current trend in HPC systems is the utilization of architectures with SIMD or vector extensions to exploit data parallelism. There are several ways to take advantage of such modern vector architectures, each with a different impact on the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Marc Blancafort , Roger Ferrer , Guillaume Houzeaux , Marta Garcia-Gasulla , Filippo Mantovani

The emergence of heterogeneity and domain-specific architectures targeting deep learning inference show great potential for enabling the deployment of modern CNNs on resource-constrained embedded platforms. A significant development is the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Dmitri Lyalikov

Integrating cryptographic accelerators into modern CPU architectures presents unique microarchitectural challenges, particularly when extending instruction sets with complex and multistage operations. Hardware-assisted cryptographic…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Alperen Bolat , Sakir Sezer , Kieran McLaughlin , Henry Hui

An Application-Specific Instruction Set Processor(ASIP) is a specialized microprocessor that provides a trade-off between the programmability of a General Purpose Processor (GPP) and the performance and energy-efficiency of dedicated…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Evgenii Rezunov , Niko Zurstraßen , Lennart M. Reimann , Rainer Leupers

Machine learning based on neural networks has advanced rapidly, but the high energy consumption required for training and inference remains a major challenge. Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) offers a lightweight, brain-inspired alternative…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Wakuto Matsumi , Riaz-Ul-Haque Mian

Many libraries, such as OpenCV, FFmpeg, XNNPACK, and Eigen, utilize Arm or x86 SIMD Intrinsics to optimize programs for performance. With the emergence of RISC-V Vector Extensions (RVV), there is a need to migrate these performance legacy…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-29 Ju-Hung Li , Jhih-Kuan Lin , Yung-Cheng Su , Chi-Wei Chu , Lai-Tak Kuok , Hung-Ming Lai , Chao-Lin Lee , Jenq-Kuen Lee

High-performance micro-kernels must fully exploit today's diverse and specialized hardware to deliver peak performance to DNNs. While higher-level optimizations for DNNs are offered by numerous compilers (e.g., MLIR, TVM, OpenXLA),…

Timing side-channel attacks pose a major threat to embedded systems due to their ease of accessibility. We propose CIDPro, a framework that relies on dynamic program diversification to mitigate timing side-channel leakage. The proposed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-09-06 Thinh Hung Pham , Alexander Fell , Arnab Kumar Biswas , Siew-Kei Lam , Nandeesha Veeranna