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We summarise the physics of first-order phase transitions in the early universe, and the possible ways in which they might come about. We then focus on gravitational waves, emphasising general qualitative features of stochastic backgrounds…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-02-17 Djuna Croon , David J. Weir

Gravitational waves potentially represent our only direct probe of the universe when it was less than one second old. In particular, first-order phase transitions in the early universe can generate a stochastic background of gravitational…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Tina Kahniashvili , Arthur Kosowsky , Grigol Gogoberidze , Yurii Maravin

We study the observable implications of an incomplete first order phase transition during inflation. In such a phase transition, the nucleated bubbles do not percolate and instead are continuously produced until the onset of reheating. The…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-12-20 Joel Barir , Michael Geller , Chen Sun , Tomer Volansky

We comprehensively study the effects of bubble wall thickness and speed on the gravitational wave emission spectrum of collisions of two vacuum bubbles. We numerically simulate a large dynamical range, making use of symmetry to reduce the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-11-16 Oliver Gould , Satumaaria Sukuvaara , David Weir

Production of gravitational waves in the early universe is discussed in a cosmologically consistent analysis within a first order phase transition involving a hidden sector feebly coupled with the visible sector. Each sector resides in its…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-06-18 Wan-Zhe Feng , Jinzheng Li , Pran Nath

We place constraints on the normalized energy density in gravitational waves from first-order strong phase transitions using data from Advanced LIGO and Virgo's first, second and third observing runs. First, adopting a broken power law…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-04-21 Alba Romero , Katarina Martinovic , Thomas A. Callister , Huai-Ke Guo , Mario Martínez , Mairi Sakellariadou , Feng-Wei Yang , Yue Zhao

We study the spectrum of gravitational waves produced by a first order phase transition in a hidden sector that is colder than the visible sector. In this scenario, bubbles of the hidden sector vacuum can be nucleated through either thermal…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-10-29 Malcolm Fairbairn , Edward Hardy , Alastair Wickens

We study the generation of gravitational waves (GWs) during a cosmological first-order phase transition (PT) using the recently introduced Higgsless approach to numerically simulate the fluid motion induced by the PT. We present for the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-08-04 Chiara Caprini , Ryusuke Jinno , Thomas Konstandin , Alberto Roper Pol , Henrique Rubira , Isak Stomberg

The detection of a stochastic background of gravitational waves could significantly impact our understanding of the physical processes that shaped the early Universe. The challenge lies in separating the cosmological signal from other…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2014-11-20 Matthew R. Adams , Neil J. Cornish

A cosmological first-order phase transition gravitational wave could provide a novel approach to studying the early Universe. In most cases, the acoustic gravitational wave from the sound wave mechanism is dominant. Considering different…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-05-13 Xiao Wang , Fa Peng Huang , Yongping Li

Inflation models ending in a first order phase transition produce gravitational waves (GW) via bubble collisions of the true vacuum phase. We demonstrate that these bubble collisions can leave an observable signature in Advanced LIGO, an…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-02-16 Alejandro Lopez , Katherine Freese

We undertake a careful analysis of stochastic gravitational wave production from cosmological phase transitions in an expanding universe, studying both a standard radiation as well as a matter dominated history. We analyze in detail the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2021-01-07 Huai-Ke Guo , Kuver Sinha , Daniel Vagie , Graham White

We study the gravitational wave phenomenology in models of solitosynthesis. In such models, a first order phase transition is precipitated by a period in which non-topological solitons with a conserved global charge (Q-balls) accumulate…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2020-04-29 Djuna Croon , Alexander Kusenko , Anupam Mazumdar , Graham White

We conducted three-dimensional lattice simulations to study the density perturbation and gravitational waves (GWs) during first-order phase transition (FOPT). We find that for phase transition strength $\alpha > 1$, the forward motion of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-04-13 Jintao Zou , Zhiqing Zhu , Zizhuo Zhao , Ligong Bian

We discuss the observability of circular polarisation of the stochastic gravitational-wave background (SGWB) generated by helical turbulence following a first-order cosmological phase transition, using a model that incorporates the effects…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-29 John Ellis , Malcolm Fairbairn , Marek Lewicki , Ville Vaskonen , Alastair Wickens

We present a Monte Carlo simulation for the response of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) to the galactic gravitational wave background. The simulated data streams are used to estimate the number and type of binary systems that…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-11-11 Seth E. Timpano , Louis J. Rubbo , Neil J. Cornish

We investigate first-order vacuum phase transitions in the presence of a non-minimally coupled scalar field starting with the coupling effect on the initial dynamics of phase transitions by defining an effective potential for the scalar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-02-06 A. Savaş Arapoğlu , A. Emrah Yükselci

Chain inflation proceeds through a series of first order phase transitions, which can release considerable gravitational waves (GW). We demonstrate that bubble collisions can leave an observable signature for future high-frequency probes of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2008-11-22 Amjad Ashoorioon , Katherine Freese

Within a recently proposed classically conformal model, in which the generation of neutrino masses is linked to spontaneous scale symmetry breaking, we investigate the associated phase transition and find it to be of strong first order with…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-02-13 Vedran Brdar , Alexander J. Helmboldt , Jisuke Kubo

Among various scenarios of baryon asymmetry of the Universe, electroweak baryogenesis is directly connected with physics of the Higgs sector. We discuss spectra of gravitational waves which are originated by the strongly first order phase…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2018-01-24 Toshinori Matsui
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