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Tree ensembles, such as random forests and AdaBoost, are ubiquitous machine learning models known for achieving strong predictive performance across a wide variety of domains. However, this strong performance comes at the cost of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-05-21 Summer Devlin , Chandan Singh , W. James Murdoch , Bin Yu

Machine learning plays an essential role in preventing financial losses in the banking industry. Perhaps the most pertinent prediction task that can result in billions of dollars in losses each year is the assessment of credit risk (i.e.,…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2021-01-01 Jillian M. Clements , Di Xu , Nooshin Yousefi , Dmitry Efimov

Credit risk scoring must support high-stakes lending decisions where data distributions change over time, probability estimates must be reliable, and group-level fairness is required. While modern machine learning models improve default…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2026-03-10 Srikumar Nayak

In this paper, we employ Credit Default Swaps (CDS) to model the joint and conditional distress probabilities of banks in Europe and the U.S. using factor copulas. We propose multi-factor, structured factor, and factor-vine models where the…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-01-09 Hoang Nguyen , Audronė Virbickaitė , M. Concepción Ausín , Pedro Galeano

Over the past decade, random forest models have become widely used as a robust method for high-dimensional data regression tasks. In part, the popularity of these models arises from the fact that they require little hyperparameter tuning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-18 Shipra Malhotra , John Karanicolas

Companies do not operate in a vacuum. As companies move towards an increasingly specialized production function and their reach is becoming truly global, their aptitude in managing and shaping their inter-organizational network is a…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-02-24 Tore Opsahl , William Newton

With the development of the financial industry, credit default prediction, as an important task in financial risk management, has received increasing attention. Traditional credit default prediction methods mostly rely on machine learning…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-12-25 Yuhan Wang , Zhen Xu , Yue Yao , Jinsong Liu , Jiating Lin

In recent years research on credit risk modelling has mainly focused on default probabilities. Recovery rates are usually modelled independently, quite often they are even assumed constant. Then, however, the structural connection between…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2015-03-06 Alexander F. R. Koivusalo , Rudi Schäfer

Risk-neutral default probabilities can be implied from credit default swap (CDS) market quotes. In practice, mid CDS quotes are used as inputs, as their risk-neutral counterparts are not observable. We show how to imply risk-neutral default…

Mathematical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2021-08-17 Matteo Michielon , Asma Khedher , Peter Spreij

The credit spread is a key indicator in bond investments, offering valuable insights for fixed-income investors to devise effective trading strategies. This study proposes a novel credit spread forecasting model leveraging ensemble learning…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-12-16 Yu Shao , Jiawen Bai , Yingze Hou , Xia'an Zhou , Zhanhao Pan

The impact of a stress scenario of default events on the loss distribution of a credit portfolio can be assessed by determining the loss distribution conditional on these events. While it is conceptually easy to estimate loss distributions…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2016-01-11 Dirk Tasche

Ensemble methods such as random forests have transformed the landscape of supervised learning, offering highly accurate prediction through the aggregation of multiple weak learners. However, despite their effectiveness, these methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Massimo Aria , Agostino Gnasso , Carmela Iorio , Marjolein Fokkema

Due to their accuracies, methods based on ensembles of regression trees are a popular approach for making predictions. Some common examples include Bayesian additive regression trees, boosting and random forests. This paper focuses on…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-11-15 Suofei Wu , Jan Hannig , Thomas C. M. Lee

Credit ratings are one of the primary keys that reflect the level of riskiness and reliability of corporations to meet their financial obligations. Rating agencies tend to take extended periods of time to provide new ratings and update…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2020-07-15 Parisa Golbayani , Ionuţ Florescu , Rupak Chatterjee

Minimising a spectral risk objective, defined as a convex combination of expected cost and Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR), is challenging when the uncertainty distribution is decision-dependent, making both surrogate modelling and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Marcell T. Kurbucz

We investigate the impact of available information on the estimation of the default probability within a generalized structural model for credit risk. The traditional structural model where default is triggered when the value of the firm's…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2019-11-19 Imke Redeker , Ralf Wunderlich

This paper presents the experimental process and results of SVM, Gradient Boosting, and an Attention-GRU Hybrid model in predicting the Implied Volatility of rolled-over five-year spread contracts of credit default swaps (CDS) on European…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2024-08-29 Robert Taylor

Credit risk default prediction remains a cornerstone of risk management in the financial industry. The task involves estimating the likelihood that a borrower will fail to meet debt obligations, an objective critical for lending decisions,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Swattik Maiti , Ritik Pratap Singh , Fardina Fathmiul Alam

The use of neural networks has been very successful in a wide variety of applications. However, it has recently been observed that it is difficult to generalize the performance of neural networks under the condition of distributional shift.…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2022-09-20 Dangxing Chen

We propose a model for the credit markets in which the random default times of bonds are assumed to be given as functions of one or more independent "market factors". Market participants are assumed to have partial information about each of…

Pricing of Securities · Quantitative Finance 2012-01-31 Dorje C. Brody , Lane P. Hughston , Andrea Macrina