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In this thesis, we study the problem of feature learning on heterogeneous knowledge graphs. These features can be used to perform tasks such as link prediction, classification and clustering on graphs. Knowledge graphs provide rich…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-09-11 Sebastian Bischoff

Negation plays an important role in various natural language processing tasks such as Natural Language Inference and Sentiment Analysis tasks. Numerous prior studies have found that contextual text embedding models such as BERT, ELMO,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Hongliu Cao

In neural machine translation (NMT), the computational cost at the output layer increases with the size of the target-side vocabulary. Using a limited-size vocabulary instead may cause a significant decrease in translation quality. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-07-31 Katsuki Chousa , Katsuhito Sudoh , Satoshi Nakamura

Recently, substantial research efforts in Deep Metric Learning (DML) focused on designing complex pairwise-distance losses, which require convoluted schemes to ease optimization, such as sample mining or pair weighting. The standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-29 Malik Boudiaf , Jérôme Rony , Imtiaz Masud Ziko , Eric Granger , Marco Pedersoli , Pablo Piantanida , Ismail Ben Ayed

Graph representation learning is to learn universal node representations that preserve both node attributes and structural information. The derived node representations can be used to serve various downstream tasks, such as node…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-16 Yuxiang Ren , Bo Liu , Chao Huang , Peng Dai , Liefeng Bo , Jiawei Zhang

The expressive power of message-passing graph neural networks (MPNNs) is reasonably well understood, primarily through combinatorial techniques from graph isomorphism testing. However, MPNNs' generalization abilities -- making meaningful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Antonis Vasileiou , Ben Finkelshtein , Floris Geerts , Ron Levie , Christopher Morris

The computational cost of training with softmax cross entropy loss grows linearly with the number of classes. For the settings where a large number of classes are involved, a common method to speed up training is to sample a subset of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Ankit Singh Rawat , Jiecao Chen , Felix Yu , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Sanjiv Kumar

The objective of knowledge graph embedding is to encode both entities and relations of knowledge graphs into continuous low-dimensional vector spaces. Previously, most works focused on symbolic representation of knowledge graph with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-14 Jiacheng Xu , Kan Chen , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Learning low-dimensional representations for entities and relations in knowledge graphs using contrastive estimation represents a scalable and effective method for inferring connectivity patterns. A crucial aspect of contrastive learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-08 Kian Ahrabian , Aarash Feizi , Yasmin Salehi , William L. Hamilton , Avishek Joey Bose

A variety of knowledge graph embedding approaches have been developed. Most of them obtain embeddings by learning the structure of the knowledge graph within a link prediction setting. As a result, the embeddings reflect only the structure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-08 N'Dah Jean Kouagou , Caglar Demir , Hamada M. Zahera , Adrian Wilke , Stefan Heindorf , Jiayi Li , Axel-Cyrille Ngonga Ngomo

As an efficient model for knowledge organization, the knowledge graph has been widely adopted in several fields, e.g., biomedicine, sociology, and education. And there is a steady trend of learning embedding representations of knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 Siyu Yao , Ruijie Wang , Shen Sun , Derui Bu , Jun Liu

We started with a knowledge graph of connected entities and descriptive properties of those entities, from which, a hierarchical representation of the knowledge graph is derived. Using a graphical, energy-based neural network, we are able…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-30 Robert A. Murphy

Knowledge graphs are freely aggregated, published, and edited in the Web of data, and thus may overlap. Hence, a key task resides in aligning (or matching) their content. This task encompasses the identification, within an aggregated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Pierre Monnin , Chedy Raïssi , Amedeo Napoli , Adrien Coulet

Two things seem to be indisputable in the contemporary deep learning discourse: 1. The categorical cross-entropy loss after softmax activation is the method of choice for classification. 2. Training a CNN classifier from scratch on small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-12 Björn Barz , Joachim Denzler

Quaternion contains one real part and three imaginary parts, which provided a more expressive hypercomplex space for learning knowledge graph. Existing quaternion embedding models measure the plausibility of a triplet either through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Weihua Wang , Qiuyu Liang , Feilong Bao , Guanglai Gao

Neighbor embedding methods $t$-SNE and UMAP are the de facto standard for visualizing high-dimensional datasets. Motivated from entirely different viewpoints, their loss functions appear to be unrelated. In practice, they yield strongly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sebastian Damrich , Jan Niklas Böhm , Fred A. Hamprecht , Dmitry Kobak

This paper analyzes and compares different deep learning loss functions in the framework of multi-label remote sensing (RS) image scene classification problems. We consider seven loss functions: 1) cross-entropy loss; 2) focal loss; 3)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Hichame Yessou , Gencer Sumbul , Begüm Demir

While neural network binary classifiers are often evaluated on metrics such as Accuracy and $F_1$-Score, they are commonly trained with a cross-entropy objective. How can this training-evaluation gap be addressed? While specific techniques…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Nathan Tsoi , Kate Candon , Deyuan Li , Yofti Milkessa , Marynel Vázquez

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) trained with the Softmax loss are widely used classification models for several vision tasks. Typically, a learnable transformation (i.e. the classifier) is placed at the end of such models returning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-18 Federico Pernici , Matteo Bruni , Claudio Baecchi , Alberto Del Bimbo

The softmax function is a fundamental building block of deep neural networks, commonly used to define output distributions in classification tasks or attention weights in transformer architectures. Despite its widespread use and proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Wojciech Masarczyk , Mateusz Ostaszewski , Tin Sum Cheng , Tomasz Trzciński , Aurelien Lucchi , Razvan Pascanu