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Programming by Example (PBE) is a program synthesis paradigm in which the synthesizer creates a program that matches a set of given examples. In many applications of such synthesis (e.g., program repair or reverse engineering), we are to…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Bo Wang , Teodora Baluta , Aashish Kolluri , Prateek Saxena

This report outlines an approach to learning generative models from data. We express models as probabilistic programs, which allows us to capture abstract patterns within the examples. By choosing our language for programs to be an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-10-27 Irvin Hwang , Andreas Stuhlmüller , Noah D. Goodman

Data synthesis for training large reasoning models offers a scalable alternative to limited, human-curated datasets, enabling the creation of high-quality data. However, existing approaches face several challenges: (i) indiscriminate…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yongxian Wei , Yilin Zhao , Zixuan Hu , Li Shen , Xinrui Chen , Runxi Cheng , Sinan Du , Hao Yu , Chun Yuan , Dian Li

We consider the problem of automatically constructing computer programs from input-output examples. We investigate how to augment probabilistic and neural program synthesis methods with new search algorithms, proposing a framework called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Nathanaël Fijalkow , Guillaume Lagarde , Théo Matricon , Kevin Ellis , Pierre Ohlmann , Akarsh Potta

*Data Synthesis* is a promising way to train a small model with very little labeled data. One approach for data synthesis is to leverage the rich knowledge from large language models to synthesize pseudo training examples for small models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Ruida Wang , Wangchunshu Zhou , Mrinmaya Sachan

The problem of automatically generating a computer program from some specification has been studied since the early days of AI. Recently, two competing approaches for automatic program learning have received significant attention: (1)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-23 Jacob Devlin , Jonathan Uesato , Surya Bhupatiraju , Rishabh Singh , Abdel-rahman Mohamed , Pushmeet Kohli

We consider the problem of parsing natural language descriptions into source code written in a general-purpose programming language like Python. Existing data-driven methods treat this problem as a language generation task without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-04-07 Pengcheng Yin , Graham Neubig

Large-scale transformers achieve impressive results on program synthesis benchmarks, yet their true generalization capabilities remain obscured by data contamination and opaque training corpora. To rigorously assess whether models are truly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Henrik Voigt , Michael Habeck , Joachim Giesen

Dialogue systems is an increasingly popular task of natural language processing. However, the dialogue paths tend to be deterministic, restricted to the system rails, regardless of the given request or input text. Recent advances in program…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-19 Eli Whitehouse , William Gerard , Yauhen Klimovich , Marc Franco-Salvador

Aiming to find a program satisfying the user intent given input-output examples, program synthesis has attracted increasing interest in the area of machine learning. Despite the promising performance of existing methods, most of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-18 Di Huang , Rui Zhang , Xing Hu , Xishan Zhang , Pengwei Jin , Nan Li , Zidong Du , Qi Guo , Yunji Chen

Meta-analysis is a data aggregation method that establishes an overall and objective level of evidence based on the results of several studies. It is necessary to maintain a high level of homogeneity in the aggregation of data collected…

Program synthesis techniques construct or infer programs from user-provided specifications, such as input-output examples. Yet most specifications, especially those given by end-users, leave the synthesis problem radically ill-posed,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Yewen Pu , Kevin Ellis , Marta Kryven , Josh Tenenbaum , Armando Solar-Lezama

Programming-by-Examples (PBE) aims to generate an algorithm from input-output examples. Such systems are practically and theoretically important: from an end-user perspective, they are deployed to millions of people, and from an AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Wen-Ding Li , Kevin Ellis

Probabilistic programs are key to deal with uncertainty in e.g. controller synthesis. They are typically small but intricate. Their development is complex and error prone requiring quantitative reasoning over a myriad of alternative…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Milan Češka , Christian Hensel , Sebastian Junges , Joost-Pieter Katoen

Inductive program synthesis, or inferring programs from examples of desired behavior, offers a general paradigm for building interpretable, robust, and generalizable machine learning systems. Effective program synthesis depends on two key…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-05 Catherine Wong , Kevin Ellis , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Jacob Andreas

We consider the task of program synthesis in the presence of a reward function over the output of programs, where the goal is to find programs with maximal rewards. We employ an iterative optimization scheme, where we train an RNN on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-03-28 Daniel A. Abolafia , Mohammad Norouzi , Jonathan Shen , Rui Zhao , Quoc V. Le

Programming-by-example (PBE) systems aim to alleviate the burden of programming. However, user-specified examples are often ambiguous, leaving multiple programs to satisfy the specification. Consequently, in most prior work, users have had…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Priyan Vaithilingam , Yewen Pu , Elena L. Glassman

We present a Neural Program Search, an algorithm to generate programs from natural language description and a small number of input/output examples. The algorithm combines methods from Deep Learning and Program Synthesis fields by designing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-02-14 Illia Polosukhin , Alexander Skidanov

Supervised Learning is a way of developing Artificial Intelligence systems in which a computer algorithm is trained on labeled data inputs. Effectiveness of a Supervised Learning algorithm is determined by its performance on a given dataset…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Shubhi Bansal , Atharva Tendulkar , Nagendra Kumar

We present a neural program synthesis approach integrating components which write, execute, and assess code to navigate the search space of possible programs. We equip the search process with an interpreter or a read-eval-print-loop (REPL),…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-06-12 Kevin Ellis , Maxwell Nye , Yewen Pu , Felix Sosa , Josh Tenenbaum , Armando Solar-Lezama