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Related papers: Pre-Trained Models: Past, Present and Future

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Machine Learning algorithms have had a profound impact on the field of computer science over the past few decades. These algorithms performance is greatly influenced by the representations that are derived from the data in the learning…

Currently, under supervised learning, a model pretrained by a large-scale nature scene dataset and then fine-tuned on a few specific task labeling data is the paradigm that has dominated the knowledge transfer learning. It has reached the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-15 Tong Zhang , Peng Gao , Hao Dong , Yin Zhuang , Guanqun Wang , Wei Zhang , He Chen

Large language models (LLMs) show increasingly advanced emergent capabilities and are being incorporated across various societal domains. Understanding their behavior and reasoning abilities therefore holds significant importance. We argue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-09 Thilo Hagendorff , Ishita Dasgupta , Marcel Binz , Stephanie C. Y. Chan , Andrew Lampinen , Jane X. Wang , Zeynep Akata , Eric Schulz

The introduction of ChatGPT has led to a significant increase in the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for addressing downstream tasks. There's an increasing focus on cost-efficient training and deployment within this context.…

Pre-trained general-purpose language models have been a dominating component in enabling real-world natural language processing (NLP) applications. However, a pre-trained model with backdoor can be a severe threat to the applications. Most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Lujia Shen , Shouling Ji , Xuhong Zhang , Jinfeng Li , Jing Chen , Jie Shi , Chengfang Fang , Jianwei Yin , Ting Wang

A prominent achievement of natural language processing (NLP) is its ability to understand and generate meaningful human language. This capability relies on complex feedforward transformer block architectures pre-trained on large language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Ronit D. Gross , Yarden Tzach , Tal Halevi , Ella Koresh , Ido Kanter

Scientific research faces high costs and inefficiencies with traditional methods, but the rise of deep learning and large language models (LLMs) offers innovative solutions. This survey reviews transformer-based LLM applications across…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Kaiyuan Tian , Linbo Qiao , Baihui Liu , Gongqingjian Jiang , Shanshan Li , Dongsheng Li

Deep learning (DL) has transformed applications in a variety of domains, including computer vision, natural language processing, and tabular data analysis. The search for improved DL model accuracy has led practitioners to explore…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-01-10 Kabir Nagrecha

Large-scale pretraining and task-specific fine-tuning is now the standard methodology for many tasks in computer vision and natural language processing. Recently, a multitude of methods have been proposed for pretraining vision and language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Emanuele Bugliarello , Ryan Cotterell , Naoaki Okazaki , Desmond Elliott

Natural language processing (NLP) enables the understanding and generation of meaningful human language, typically using a pre-trained complex architecture on a large dataset to learn the language and next fine-tune its weights to implement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Yarden Tzach , Ronit D. Gross , Ella Koresh , Shalom Rosner , Or Shpringer , Tal Halevi , Ido Kanter

Neural networks dominate the modern machine learning landscape, but their training and success still suffer from sensitivity to empirical choices of hyperparameters such as model architecture, loss function, and optimisation algorithm. In…

Data plays a fundamental role in training Large Language Models (LLMs). Efficient data management, particularly in formulating a well-suited training dataset, is significant for enhancing model performance and improving training efficiency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Zige Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Yufei Wang , Qi Zhu , Fei Mi , Baojun Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xin Jiang , Qun Liu

Sensor monitoring networks and advances in big data analytics have guided the reliability engineering landscape to a new era of big machinery data. Low-cost sensors, along with the evolution of the internet of things and industry 4.0, have…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-10-11 Sergio Cofre-Martel , Enrique Lopez Droguett , Mohammad Modarres

Prompt learning is a new paradigm in the Natural Language Processing (NLP) field which has shown impressive performance on a number of natural language tasks with common benchmarking text datasets in full, few-shot, and zero-shot…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-12 Niall Taylor , Yi Zhang , Dan Joyce , Alejo Nevado-Holgado , Andrey Kormilitzin

Recent advancements in the field of Natural Language Processing, particularly the development of large-scale language models that are pretrained on vast amounts of knowledge, are creating novel opportunities within the realm of Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Anisa Rula , Jennifer D'Souza

When training data is scarce, the incorporation of additional prior knowledge can assist the learning process. While it is common to initialize neural networks with weights that have been pre-trained on other large data sets, pre-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Laura von Rueden , Sebastian Houben , Kostadin Cvejoski , Christian Bauckhage , Nico Piatkowski

This paper presents a comprehensive synthesis of major breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI) over the past fifteen years, integrating historical, theoretical, and technological perspectives. It identifies key inflection points in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Beyazit Bestami Yuksel , Ayse Yilmazer Metin

The increasing scale of model size and continuous improvement of performance herald the arrival of the Big Model era. In this report, we explore what and how the big model training works by diving into training objectives and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Qinghua Liu , Yuxiang Jiang

Transformer-based pretrained large language models (PLM) such as BERT and GPT have achieved remarkable success in NLP tasks. However, PLMs are prone to encoding stereotypical biases. Although a burgeoning literature has emerged on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Yi Yang , Hanyu Duan , Ahmed Abbasi , John P. Lalor , Kar Yan Tam

Pre-training on graph neural networks (GNNs) aims to learn transferable knowledge for downstream tasks with unlabeled data, and it has recently become an active research area. The success of graph pre-training models is often attributed to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Jiarong Xu , Renhong Huang , Xin Jiang , Yuxuan Cao , Carl Yang , Chunping Wang , Yang Yang