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Diffractive neural networks hold great promise for applications requiring intensive computational processing. Considerable attention has focused on diffractive networks for either spatially coherent or spatially incoherent illumination.…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely used for hyperspectral image classification. As a common process, small cubes are firstly cropped from the hyperspectral image and then fed into CNNs to extract spectral and spatial…

Exploiting data invariances is crucial for efficient learning in both artificial and biological neural circuits. Understanding how neural networks can discover appropriate representations capable of harnessing the underlying symmetries of…

Automated medical image segmentation plays a key role in quantitative research and diagnostics. Convolutional neural networks based on the U-Net architecture are the state-of-the-art. A key disadvantage is the hard-coding of the receptive…

Directly switching optical signals outperforms conventional optoelectronic hardware in terms of cost, latency, and energy efficiency, and is expected to address the growing demand for data node capacity driven by the development of machine…

Atmospheric effects, such as turbulence and background thermal noise, inhibit the propagation of coherent light used in ON-OFF keying free-space optical communication. Here we present and experimentally validate a convolutional neural…

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have had great success in many real-world applications and have also been used to model visual processing in the brain. However, these networks are quite brittle - small changes in the input image can…

Recent white-box OOD detection methods for LLMs -- including CED, RAUQ, and WildGuard confidence scores -- appear effective, but we show they are structurally confounded by sequence length (|r| >= 0.61) and collapse to near-chance under…

We present a learning-based approach for removing unwanted obstructions, such as window reflections, fence occlusions, or adherent raindrops, from a short sequence of images captured by a moving camera. Our method leverages motion…

Grid-centric perception is a crucial field for mobile robot perception and navigation. Nonetheless, grid-centric perception is less prevalent than object-centric perception as autonomous vehicles need to accurately perceive highly dynamic,…

This paper proposes a Deep Learning based edge detector, which is inspired on both HED (Holistically-Nested Edge Detection) and Xception networks. The proposed approach generates thin edge-maps that are plausible for human eyes; it can be…

We develop a novel optical neural network (ONN) framework which introduces a degree of scalar invariance to image classification estima- tion. Taking a hint from the human eye, which has higher resolution near the center of the retina,…

Convolutional networks have achieved great success in various vision tasks. This is mainly due to a considerable amount of research on network structure. In this study, instead of focusing on architectures, we focused on the convolution…

Severe occlusions of objects pose a major challenge for computer vision. We show that two root causes are (1) the loss of visible information and (2) the distracting patterns caused by the occluders. Our approach addresses both causes at…

The success of recent deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) depends on learning hidden representations that can summarize the important factors of variation behind the data. However, CNNs often criticized as being black boxes that lack…

Retinal image of surrounding objects varies tremendously due to the changes in position, size, pose, illumination condition, background context, occlusion, noise, and nonrigid deformations. But despite these huge variations, our visual…

Converging evidence suggests that the mammalian ventral visual pathway encodes increasingly complex stimulus features in downstream areas. Using deep convolutional neural networks, we can now quantitatively demonstrate that there is indeed…

Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (DCNNs) are capable of obtaining powerful image representations, which have attracted great attentions in image recognition. However, they are limited in modeling orientation transformation by the internal…

Optical implementations of neural networks (ONNs) herald the next-generation high-speed and energy-efficient deep learning computing by harnessing the technical advantages of large bandwidth and high parallelism of optics. However, due to…

We present a framework to use recently introduced Capsule Networks for solving the problem of Optical Flow, one of the fundamental computer vision tasks. Most of the existing state of the art deep architectures either uses a correlation…