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The Neural Autoregressive Distribution Estimator (NADE) and its real-valued version RNADE are competitive density models of multidimensional data across a variety of domains. These models use a fixed, arbitrary ordering of the data…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-01-14 Benigno Uria , Iain Murray , Hugo Larochelle

Masked Diffusion Models (MDMs) have emerged as one of the most promising paradigms for generative modeling over discrete domains. It is known that MDMs effectively train to decode tokens in a random order, and that this ordering has…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Prateek Garg , Bhavya Kohli , Sunita Sarawagi

We present Neural Autoregressive Distribution Estimation (NADE) models, which are neural network architectures applied to the problem of unsupervised distribution and density estimation. They leverage the probability product rule and a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-30 Benigno Uria , Marc-Alexandre Côté , Karol Gregor , Iain Murray , Hugo Larochelle

We demonstrate in this paper that a generative model can be designed to perform classification tasks under challenging settings, including adversarial attacks and input distribution shifts. Specifically, we propose a conditional variational…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-02-12 Houpu Yao , Malcolm Regan , Yezhou Yang , Yi Ren

Uncertainty estimation is a key component in any deployed machine learning system. One way to evaluate uncertainty estimation is using "out-of-distribution" (OoD) detection, that is, distinguishing between the training data distribution and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Haiwen Huang , Joost van Amersfoort , Yarin Gal

Forecasting over graph-structured sensor networks demands models that capture both deterministic spatial trends and stochastic variability, while remaining efficient enough for repeated inference as new observations arrive. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Hanlin Dong , Arian Prabowo , Hao Xue , Ao Shuang , Tianyi Zhou , Flora D. Salim

Training of the neural autoregressive density estimator (NADE) can be viewed as doing one step of probabilistic inference on missing values in data. We propose a new model that extends this inference scheme to multiple steps, arguing that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-12-09 Tapani Raiko , Li Yao , Kyunghyun Cho , Yoshua Bengio

Conditional density estimation (CDE) is the task of estimating the probability of an event conditioned on some inputs. A neural network (NN) can also be used to compute the output distribution for continuous-domain, which can be viewed as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Bing Chen , Mazharul Islam , Jisuo Gao , Lin Wang

Order-Agnostic autoregressive models have demonstrated strong performance in deep generative modeling, yet their use in settings with incomplete data remains largely unexplored. In this work, we reinterpret them through the lens of missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Ignacio Peis , Pablo M. Olmos , Jes Frellsen

Detecting out of distribution (OOD) samples is of paramount importance in all Machine Learning applications. Deep generative modeling has emerged as a dominant paradigm to model complex data distributions without labels. However, prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Gowthami Somepalli , Yexin Wu , Yogesh Balaji , Bhanukiran Vinzamuri , Soheil Feizi

Learning probabilistic models that can estimate the density of a given set of samples, and generate samples from that density, is one of the fundamental challenges in unsupervised machine learning. We introduce a new generative model based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-11 Siavash A. Bigdeli , Geng Lin , Tiziano Portenier , L. Andrea Dunbar , Matthias Zwicker

There has been a lot of recent interest in designing neural network models to estimate a distribution from a set of examples. We introduce a simple modification for autoencoder neural networks that yields powerful generative models. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-06-08 Mathieu Germain , Karol Gregor , Iain Murray , Hugo Larochelle

Generative models have shown strong potential as data-driven priors for solving inverse problems such as reconstructing medical images from undersampled measurements. While these priors improve reconstruction quality with fewer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Namhoon Kim , Sara Fridovich-Keil

Neural autoregressive models are explicit density estimators that achieve state-of-the-art likelihoods for generative modeling. The D-dimensional data distribution is factorized into an autoregressive product of one-dimensional conditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-11-27 Maxime Voisin , Daniel Ritchie

The goal of this work is to develop a task-agnostic feature upsampling operator for dense prediction where the operator is required to facilitate not only region-sensitive tasks like semantic segmentation but also detail-sensitive tasks…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Hao Lu , Wenze Liu , Hongtao Fu , Zhiguo Cao

Deconvolution is a statistical inverse problem to estimate the distribution of a random variable based on its noisy observations. Despite the extensive studies on the topic, deconvolution with unknown noise distribution remains as a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-06 Devavrat Shah , Dogyoon Song

A serious problem in image classification is that a trained model might perform well for input data that originates from the same distribution as the data available for model training, but performs much worse for out-of-distribution (OOD)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Rajat Koner , Poulami Sinhamahapatra , Karsten Roscher , Stephan Günnemann , Volker Tresp

We present TraDE, a self-attention-based architecture for auto-regressive density estimation with continuous and discrete valued data. Our model is trained using a penalized maximum likelihood objective, which ensures that samples from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-16 Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , Jonas Mueller , Alexander J. Smola

We focus on learning unknown dynamics from data using ODE-nets templated on implicit numerical initial value problem solvers. First, we perform Inverse Modified error analysis of the ODE-nets using unrolled implicit schemes for ease of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-04-11 Aiqing Zhu , Tom Bertalan , Beibei Zhu , Yifa Tang , Ioannis G. Kevrekidis

We consider the problem of task-agnostic feature upsampling in dense prediction where an upsampling operator is required to facilitate both region-sensitive tasks like semantic segmentation and detail-sensitive tasks such as image matting.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Hao Lu , Wenze Liu , Hongtao Fu , Zhiguo Cao
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