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The ``Neural Tangent Kernel'' (NTK) (Jacot et al 2018), and its empirical variants have been proposed as a proxy to capture certain behaviors of real neural networks. In this work, we study NTKs through the lens of scaling laws, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Nikhil Vyas , Yamini Bansal , Preetum Nakkiran

The neural tangent kernel (NTK) has garnered significant attention as a theoretical framework for describing the behavior of large-scale neural networks. Kernel methods are theoretically well-understood and as a result enjoy algorithmic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Jonathan Wenger , Felix Dangel , Agustinus Kristiadi

Recent theoretical work has established connections between over-parametrized neural networks and linearized models governed by he Neural Tangent Kernels (NTKs). NTK theory leads to concrete convergence and generalization results, yet the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Yu Bai , Jason D. Lee

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) have been proposed to study the behavior of trained neural networks from the perspective of Gaussian processes. An important result in this body of work is the theorem of equivalence between a trained neural…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-22 Haoran Liu , Anthony Tai , David J. Crandall , Chunfeng Huang

A recent breakthrough in deep learning theory shows that the training of over-parameterized deep neural networks can be characterized by a kernel function called \textit{neural tangent kernel} (NTK). However, it is known that this type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-07 Zixiang Chen , Yuan Cao , Quanquan Gu , Tong Zhang

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) is an important milestone in the ongoing effort to build a theory for deep learning. Its prediction that sufficiently wide neural networks behave as kernel methods, or equivalently as random feature models,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-25 Maxim Samarin , Volker Roth , David Belius

Recent theoretical works based on the neural tangent kernel (NTK) have shed light on the optimization and generalization of over-parameterized networks, and partially bridge the gap between their practical success and classical learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-10 Kyung-Su Kim , Aurélie C. Lozano , Eunho Yang

A primary advantage of neural networks lies in their feature learning characteristics, which is challenging to theoretically analyze due to the complexity of their training dynamics. We propose a new paradigm for studying feature learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Haobo Zhang , Jianfa Lai , Yicheng Li , Qian Lin , Jun S. Liu

The training dynamics and generalization properties of neural networks (NN) can be precisely characterized in function space via the neural tangent kernel (NTK). Structural changes to the NTK during training reflect feature learning and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-02-11 Haozhe Shan , Blake Bordelon

Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) theory is widely used to study the dynamics of infinitely-wide deep neural networks (DNNs) under gradient descent. But do the results for infinitely-wide networks give us hints about the behavior of real…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Mariia Seleznova , Gitta Kutyniok

This paper establishes rates of universal approximation for the shallow neural tangent kernel (NTK): network weights are only allowed microscopic changes from random initialization, which entails that activations are mostly unchanged, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-18 Ziwei Ji , Matus Telgarsky , Ruicheng Xian

In wide neural networks, the Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) remains approximately constant during training, providing a powerful theoretical tool for studying training dynamics, generalization, and connections to kernel methods. However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jonathan Plenk , Sergio Calvo-Ordonez , Alvaro Cartea , Yarin Gal , Mark van der Wilk , Kamil Ciosek

Quantized neural networks have drawn a lot of attention as they reduce the space and computational complexity during the inference. Moreover, there has been folklore that quantization acts as an implicit regularizer and thus can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-14 Kaiqi Zhang , Ming Yin , Yu-Xiang Wang

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has recently attracted intense study, as it describes the evolution of an over-parameterized Neural Network (NN) trained by gradient descent. However, it is now well-known that gradient descent is not always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Lei Tan , Shutong Wu , Xiaolin Huang

The evolution of a deep neural network trained by the gradient descent can be described by its neural tangent kernel (NTK) as introduced in [20], where it was proven that in the infinite width limit the NTK converges to an explicit limiting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-19 Jiaoyang Huang , Horng-Tzer Yau

Expressiveness and generalization of deep models was recently addressed via the connection between neural networks (NNs) and kernel learning, where first-order dynamics of NN during a gradient-descent (GD) optimization were related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) characterizes the behavior of infinitely wide neural nets trained under least squares loss by gradient descent. However, despite its importance, the super-quadratic runtime of kernel methods limits the use of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Amir Zandieh

Neural networks are known for their ability to approximate smooth functions, yet they fail to generalize perfectly to unseen inputs when trained on discrete operations. Such operations lie at the heart of algorithmic tasks such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Artur Back de Luca , George Giapitzakis , Kimon Fountoulakis

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) characterizes the behavior of infinitely-wide neural networks trained under least squares loss by gradient descent. Recent works also report that NTK regression can outperform finitely-wide neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-09 Amir Zandieh , Insu Han , Haim Avron , Neta Shoham , Chaewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin

There are currently two parameterizations used to derive fixed kernels corresponding to infinite width neural networks, the NTK (Neural Tangent Kernel) parameterization and the naive standard parameterization. However, the extrapolation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Roman Novak , Samuel S. Schoenholz , Jaehoon Lee
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