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Solidity, the dominant smart contract language for Ethereum, has rapidly evolved with frequent version updates to enhance security, functionality, and developer experience. However, these continual changes introduce significant challenges,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Likai Ye , Mengliang Li , Dehai Zhao , Jiamou Sun , Xiaoxue Ren

Smart contract technology facilitates self-executing agreements on the blockchain, eliminating dependency on an external trusted authority. However, smart contracts may expose vulnerabilities that can lead to financial losses and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Emre Balci , Timucin Aydede , Gorkem Yilmaz , Ece Gelal Soyak

Behavioral software contracts are a widely used mechanism for governing the flow of values between components. However, run-time monitoring and enforcement of contracts imposes significant overhead and delays discovery of faulty components…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2014-06-17 Phuc C. Nguyen , Sam Tobin-Hochstadt , David Van Horn

This paper provides a systematic analysis of the opportunities, challenges, and potential solutions of harnessing Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4 to dig out vulnerabilities within smart contracts based on our ongoing research.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Sihao Hu , Tiansheng Huang , Fatih İlhan , Selim Furkan Tekin , Ling Liu

Bitcoin has attracted everyone's attention and interest recently. Ethereum (ETH), a second generation cryptocurrency, extends Bitcoin's design by offering a Turing-complete programming language called Solidity to develop smart contracts.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Jiao Jiao , Shuanglong Kan , Shang-Wei Lin , David Sanan , Yang Liu , Jun Sun

Blockchains facilitate secure resource transactions through smart contracts, yet these digital agreements are prone to vulnerabilities, particularly when interacting with external contracts, leading to substantial monetary losses.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Haojia Sun , Kunal Singh , Jan-Paul Ramos-Dávila , Jonathan Aldrich , Jenna DiVincenzo

Smart Contracts (SCs) are programs stored in a Blockchain to ensure agreements between two or more parties. Due to the unchangeable essence of Blockchain, failures or errors in SCs become perpetual once published. The reliability of SCs is…

We present an end-to-end framework for systematic evaluation of LLM-generated smart contracts from natural-language specifications. The system parses contractual text into structured schemas, generates Solidity code, and performs automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Abhinav Goel , Chaitya Shah , Agostino Capponi , Alfio Gliozzo

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used for the task of automated code translation, which has important real-world applications. However, most existing approaches use only the source code of a program as an input to an LLM,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Vikram Nitin , Rahul Krishna , Baishakhi Ray

Smart contracts are essential to decentralized finance (DeFi) and blockchain ecosystems but are increasingly vulnerable to exploits due to coding errors and complex attack vectors. Traditional static analysis tools and existing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Jun Kevin , Pujianto Yugopuspito

This paper presents TXSC, a framework that provides smart contract developers with transaction primitives. These primitives allow developers to write smart contracts without the need to reason about the anomalies that can arise due to…

Databases · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Victor Zakhary , Divyakant Agrawal , Amr El Abbadi

Smart Contracts (SCs) in Ethereum can automate tasks and provide different functionalities to a user. Such automation is enabled by the `Turing-complete' nature of the programming language (Solidity) in which SCs are written. This also…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Rachit Agarwal , Tanmay Thapliyal , Sandeep Kumar Shukla

With the increasing security issues in blockchain, smart contract vulnerability detection has become a research focus. Existing vulnerability detection methods have their limitations: 1) Static analysis methods struggle with complex…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Lei Yu , Shiqi Cheng , Zhirong Huang , Jingyuan Zhang , Chenjie Shen , Junyi Lu , Li Yang , Fengjun Zhang , Jiajia Ma

Internet of Things and data sciences are fueling the development of innovative solutions for various applications in Smart and Connected Communities (SCC). These applications provide participants with the capability to exchange not only…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-04-25 Scott Eisele , Aron Laszka , Anastasia Mavridou , Abhishek Dubey

Blockchain technology provides a tamper-proof mechanism to execute inter-organizational business processes involving mutually untrusted parties. Existing approaches to blockchain-based process execution are based on code generation. In…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Orlenys López-Pintado , Marlon Dumas , Luciano García-Bañuelos , Ingo Weber

Smart contracts are regarded as one of the most promising and appealing notions in blockchain technology. Their self-enforcing and event-driven features make some online activities possible without a trusted third party. Nevertheless,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Bin Hu , Zongyang Zhang , Jianwei Liu , Yizhong Liu , Jiayuan Yin , Rongxing Lu , Xiaodong Lin

Smart contract technology is reshaping conventional industry and business processes. Being embedded in blockchains, smart contracts enable the contractual terms of an agreement to be enforced automatically without the intervention of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Zibin Zheng , Shaoan Xie , Hong-Ning Dai , Weili Chen , Xiangping Chen , Jian Weng , Muhammad Imran

Smart contracts can implement and automate parts of legal contracts, but ensuring their legal compliance remains challenging. Existing approaches such as formal specification, verification, and model-based development require expertise in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Chanuka Wijayakoon , Hai Dong , H. M. N. Dilum Bandara , Zahir Tari , Anurag Soin

Crowdfunding platforms face high transaction fees, need for more transparency, and trust deficits. These issues deter contributors and entrepreneurs from effectively leveraging crowdfunding for innovation and growth. Blockchain technology…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mustafa Savas Unsal

Recently, there has been a growing interest in automatic software vulnerability detection. Pre-trained model-based approaches have demonstrated superior performance than other Deep Learning (DL)-based approaches in detecting…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Xin-Cheng Wen , Cuiyun Gao , Shuzheng Gao , Yang Xiao , Michael R. Lyu