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Memory is fundamental to intelligence, enabling learning, reasoning, and adaptability across biological and artificial systems. While Transformer architectures excel at sequence modeling, they face critical limitations in long-range context…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Parsa Omidi , Xingshuai Huang , Axel Laborieux , Bahareh Nikpour , Tianyu Shi , Armaghan Eshaghi

Federated learning encounters a critical challenge of data heterogeneity, adversely affecting the performance and convergence of the federated model. Various approaches have been proposed to address this issue, yet their effectiveness is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-06 Jinqian Chen , Jihua Zhu , Qinghai Zheng

Federated learning is a decentralized collaborative training paradigm preserving stakeholders' data ownership while improving performance and generalization. However, statistical heterogeneity among client datasets degrades system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Vasilis Siomos , Jonathan Passerat-Palmbach , Giacomo Tarroni

Retentive Network (RetNet) represents a significant advancement in neural network architecture, offering an efficient alternative to the Transformer. While Transformers rely on self-attention to model dependencies, they suffer from high…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Haiqi Yang , Zhiyuan Li , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Federated learning has received fast-growing interests from academia and industry to tackle the challenges of data hungriness and privacy in machine learning. A federated learning system can be viewed as a large-scale distributed system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Sin Kit Lo , Qinghua Lu , Liming Zhu , Hye-young Paik , Xiwei Xu , Chen Wang

In this paper, we share our reflections and insights on understanding Transformer architectures through the lens of associative memory--a classic psychological concept inspired by human cognition. We start with the basics of associative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Shu Zhong , Mingyu Xu , Tenglong Ao , Guang Shi

Standard Federated Learning (FL) techniques are limited to clients with identical network architectures. This restricts potential use-cases like cross-platform training or inter-organizational collaboration when both data privacy and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-24 Or Litany , Haggai Maron , David Acuna , Jan Kautz , Gal Chechik , Sanja Fidler

Federated learning is an efficient framework designed to facilitate collaborative model training across multiple distributed devices while preserving user data privacy. A significant challenge of federated learning is data-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Shunxin Guo , Hongsong Wang , Shuxia Lin , Zhiqiang Kou , Xin Geng

The future of machine learning lies in moving data collection along with training to the edge. Federated Learning, for short FL, has been recently proposed to achieve this goal. The principle of this approach is to aggregate models learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Adnan Ben Mansour , Gaia Carenini , Alexandre Duplessis

Federated learning is a distributed, privacy-aware learning scenario which trains a single model on data belonging to several clients. Each client trains a local model on its data and the local models are then aggregated by a central party.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Hesham Mostafa

Federated learning (FL) is becoming a popular paradigm for collaborative learning over distributed, private datasets owned by non-trusting entities. FL has seen successful deployment in production environments, and it has been adopted in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Ahmed M. Abdelmoniem , Chen-Yu Ho , Pantelis Papageorgiou , Muhammad Bilal , Marco Canini

Federated Learning has been introduced as a new machine learning paradigm enhancing the use of local devices. At a server level, FL regularly aggregates models learned locally on distributed clients to obtain a more general model. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Anastasiia Usmanova , François Portet , Philippe Lalanda , German Vega

The classical machine learning paradigm requires the aggregation of user data in a central location where machine learning practitioners can preprocess data, calculate features, tune models and evaluate performance. The advantage of this…

Federated learning is a recently proposed distributed machine learning paradigm for privacy preservation, which has found a wide range of applications where data privacy is of primary concern. Meanwhile, neural architecture search has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Hangyu Zhu , Haoyu Zhang , Yaochu Jin

Federated learning (FL) has emerged as a promising paradigm for training models on decentralized data while safeguarding data privacy. Most existing FL systems, however, assume that all machine learning models are of the same type, although…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Yingchao Yu , Yuping Yan , Jisong Cai , Yaochu Jin

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a deep learning model. One major challenge of FL is when data distribution is heterogeneous, i.e., differs from one client to another. Existing personalized FL…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Haolin Yuan , Bo Hui , Yuchen Yang , Philippe Burlina , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Yinzhi Cao

Federated Learning is a framework that jointly trains a model \textit{with} complete knowledge on a remotely placed centralized server, but \textit{without} the requirement of accessing the data stored in distributed machines. Some work…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Jia Qian , Lars Kai Hansen , Xenofon Fafoutis , Prayag Tiwari , Hari Mohan Pandey

Federated Learning is a distributed learning paradigm with two key challenges that differentiate it from traditional distributed optimization: (1) significant variability in terms of the systems characteristics on each device in the network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-23 Tian Li , Anit Kumar Sahu , Manzil Zaheer , Maziar Sanjabi , Ameet Talwalkar , Virginia Smith

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a solution for distributed model training across decentralized, privacy-preserving devices, but the different energy capacities of participating devices (system heterogeneity) constrain real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Roberto Pereira , Cristian J. Vaca-Rubio , Luis Blanco

Federated Learning (FL) is a learning paradigm that protects privacy by keeping client data on edge devices. However, optimizing FL in practice can be difficult due to the diversity and heterogeneity of the learning system. Despite recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-21 Yongxin Guo , Tao Lin , Xiaoying Tang