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Machine learning classification methods usually assume that all possible classes are sufficiently present within the training set. Due to their inherent rarities, extreme events are always under-represented and classifiers tailored for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-12 Juliette Legrand , Philippe Naveau , Marco Oesting

Class imbalance is a common problem in the case of real-world object detection and classification tasks. Data of some classes is abundant making them an over-represented majority, and data of other classes is scarce, making them an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-03-24 Salman H. Khan , Munawar Hayat , Mohammed Bennamoun , Ferdous Sohel , Roberto Togneri

A common issue for classification in scientific research and industry is the existence of imbalanced classes. When sample sizes of different classes are imbalanced in training data, naively implementing a classification method often leads…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-02 Yang Feng , Min Zhou , Xin Tong

A large-scale deep model pre-trained on massive labeled or unlabeled data transfers well to downstream tasks. Linear evaluation freezes parameters in the pre-trained model and trains a linear classifier separately, which is efficient and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Chenyu Zheng , Guoqiang Wu , Fan Bao , Yue Cao , Chongxuan Li , Jun Zhu

Imbalanced data are frequently encountered in real-world classification tasks. Previous works on imbalanced learning mostly focused on learning with a minority class of few samples. However, the notion of imbalance also applies to cases…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Yin Jin , Ningtao Wang , Ruofan Wu , Pengfei Shi , Xing Fu , Weiqiang Wang

Real-world object classes appear in imbalanced ratios. This poses a significant challenge for classifiers which get biased towards frequent classes. We hypothesize that improving the generalization capability of a classifier should improve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-01-24 Munawar Hayat , Salman Khan , Waqas Zamir , Jianbing Shen , Ling Shao

We consider the problem of estimating how well a model class is capable of fitting a distribution of labeled data. We show that it is often possible to accurately estimate this "learnability" even when given an amount of data that is too…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Weihao Kong , Gregory Valiant

Why are classifiers in high dimension vulnerable to "adversarial" perturbations? We show that it is likely not due to information theoretic limitations, but rather it could be due to computational constraints. First we prove that, for a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-05-28 Sébastien Bubeck , Eric Price , Ilya Razenshteyn

We study binary classification in the setting where the learner is presented with multiple corrupted training samples, with possibly different sample sizes and degrees of corruption, and introduce an approach based on minimizing a weighted…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-11 Clayton Scott , Jianxin Zhang

The phenomenon of benign overfitting, where a predictor perfectly fits noisy training data while attaining near-optimal expected loss, has received much attention in recent years, but still remains not fully understood beyond well-specified…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Ohad Shamir

Class imbalance in real-world data poses a common bottleneck for machine learning tasks, since achieving good generalization on under-represented examples is often challenging. Mitigation strategies, such as under or oversampling the data…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2025-02-03 Emanuele Loffredo , Mauro Pastore , Simona Cocco , Rémi Monasson

We consider binary classification restricted to a class of continuous piecewise linear functions whose decision boundaries are (possibly nonconvex) starshaped polyhedral sets, supported on a fixed polyhedral simplicial fan. We investigate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Marie-Charlotte Brandenburg , Katharina Jochemko

In last few years there are major changes and evolution has been done on classification of data. As the application area of technology is increases the size of data also increases. Classification of data becomes difficult because of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-09 Rushi Longadge , Snehalata Dongre

We propose novel estimators for categorical and continuous treatments by using an optimal covariate balancing strategy for inverse probability weighting. The resulting estimators are shown to be consistent and asymptotically normal for…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-08 Seong-ho Lee , Yanyuan Ma , Xavier de Luna

We study causal inference in sample selection models where a continuous or multivalued treatment affects both outcome and their observability (eg., employment or survey response). We generalized the widely used Lee (2009)'s bounds for…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-10-29 Ying-Ying Lee , Chu-An Liu

When the competing classes in a classification problem are not of comparable size, many popular classifiers exhibit a bias towards larger classes, and the nearest neighbor classifier is no exception. To take care of this problem, we develop…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-11-02 Anvit Garg , Anil K. Ghosh , Soham Sarkar

Learning classifiers using skewed or imbalanced datasets can occasionally lead to classification issues; this is a serious issue. In some cases, one class contains the majority of examples while the other, which is frequently the more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-11 Satyendra Singh Rawat , Amit Kumar Mishra

Biases in observational data of treatments pose a major challenge to estimating expected treatment outcomes in different populations. An important technique that accounts for these biases is reweighting samples to minimize the discrepancy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Michal Ozery-Flato , Pierre Thodoroff , Matan Ninio , Michal Rosen-Zvi , Tal El-Hay

In observational causal inference, in order to emulate a randomized experiment, weights are used to render treatments independent of observed covariates. This property is known as balance; in its absence, estimated causal effects may be…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-07-16 David Arbour , Drew Dimmery , Arjun Sondhi

In this paper, we propose a balancing training method to address problems in imbalanced data learning. To this end, we derive a new loss used in the balancing training phase that alleviates the influence of samples that cause an overfitted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Seulki Park , Jongin Lim , Younghan Jeon , Jin Young Choi