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Voice Assistants such as Alexa, Siri, and Google Assistant typically use a two-stage Spoken Language Understanding pipeline; first, an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) component to process customer speech and generate text transcriptions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Subendhu Rongali , Beiye Liu , Liwei Cai , Konstantine Arkoudas , Chengwei Su , Wael Hamza

Training an end-to-end (E2E) neural network speech-to-intent (S2I) system that directly extracts intents from speech requires large amounts of intent-labeled speech data, which is time consuming and expensive to collect. Initializing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Yinghui Huang , Hong-Kwang Kuo , Samuel Thomas , Zvi Kons , Kartik Audhkhasi , Brian Kingsbury , Ron Hoory , Michael Picheny

We propose a novel neural network-based end-to-end acoustic echo cancellation (E2E-AEC) method capable of streaming inference, which operates effectively without reliance on traditional linear AEC (LAEC) techniques and time delay…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Yiheng Jiang , Biao Tian , Haoxu Wang , Shengkui Zhao , Bin Ma , Daren Chen , Xiangang Li

It is difficult for an E2E ASR system to recognize words such as entities appearing infrequently in the training data. A widely used method to mitigate this issue is feeding contextual information into the acoustic model. Previous works…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Zhanheng Yang , Sining Sun , Xiong Wang , Yike Zhang , Long Ma , Lei Xie

Transformer-based models have achieved state-of-the-art performance on speech translation tasks. However, the model architecture is not efficient enough for streaming scenarios since self-attention is computed over an entire input sequence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-03 Xutai Ma , Yongqiang Wang , Mohammad Javad Dousti , Philipp Koehn , Juan Pino

End-to-end neural TTS training has shown improved performance in speech style transfer. However, the improvement is still limited by the training data in both target styles and speakers. Inadequate style transfer performance occurs when the…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Xiaochun An , Frank K. Soong , Lei Xie

Speech recognition on smart devices is challenging owing to the small memory footprint. Hence small size ASR models are desirable. With the use of popular transducer-based models, it has become possible to practically deploy streaming…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-11 Nauman Dawalatabad , Tushar Vatsal , Ashutosh Gupta , Sungsoo Kim , Shatrughan Singh , Dhananjaya Gowda , Chanwoo Kim

End-to-end (E2E) models fold the acoustic, pronunciation and language models of a conventional speech recognition model into one neural network with a much smaller number of parameters than a conventional ASR system, thus making it suitable…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-14 Bo Li , Shuo-yiin Chang , Tara N. Sainath , Ruoming Pang , Yanzhang He , Trevor Strohman , Yonghui Wu

Even with several advancements in multilingual modeling, it is challenging to recognize multiple languages using a single neural model, without knowing the input language and most multilingual models assume the availability of the input…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-23 Aditya Patil , Vikas Joshi , Purvi Agrawal , Rupesh Mehta

Whispering is an important mode of human speech, but no end-to-end recognition results for it were reported yet, probably due to the scarcity of available whispered speech data. In this paper, we present several approaches for end-to-end…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Heng-Jui Chang , Alexander H. Liu , Hung-yi Lee , Lin-shan Lee

Data-driven models achieve successful results in Speech Emotion Recognition (SER). However, these models, which are often based on general acoustic features or end-to-end approaches, show poor performance when the testing set has a…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-15 Duowei Tang , Peter Kuppens , Lucca Geurts , Toon van Waterschoot

Comprehending the overall intent of an utterance helps a listener recognize the individual words spoken. Inspired by this fact, we perform a novel study of the impact of explicitly incorporating intent representations as additional…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-22 Swayambhu Nath Ray , Minhua Wu , Anirudh Raju , Pegah Ghahremani , Raghavendra Bilgi , Milind Rao , Harish Arsikere , Ariya Rastrow , Andreas Stolcke , Jasha Droppo

Streaming automatic speech recognition (ASR) is very important for many real-world ASR applications. However, a notable challenge for streaming ASR systems lies in balancing operational performance against latency constraint. Recently, a…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Wenbo Zhao , Ziwei Li , Chuan Yu , Zhijian Ou

Although the deep integration of the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system with Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved accuracy, the deployment of such systems in low-latency streaming scenarios remains challenging. In…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yinfeng Xia , Jian Tang , Junfeng Hou , Gaopeng Xu , Haitao Yao

In voice-enabled applications, a predetermined hotword isusually used to activate a device in order to attend to the query.However, speaking queries followed by a hotword each timeintroduces a cognitive burden in continued conversations.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-30 Shuo-yiin Chang , Guru Prakash , Zelin Wu , Qiao Liang , Tara N. Sainath , Bo Li , Adam Stambler , Shyam Upadhyay , Manaal Faruqui , Trevor Strohman

In the last few years, an emerging trend in automatic speech recognition research is the study of end-to-end (E2E) systems. Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), Attention Encoder-Decoder (AED), and RNN Transducer (RNN-T) are the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Jinyu Li , Rui Zhao , Hu Hu , Yifan Gong

End-to-end modeling (E2E) of automatic speech recognition (ASR) blends all the components of a traditional speech recognition system into a unified model. Although it simplifies training and decoding pipelines, the unified model is hard to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-12-06 Zhehuai Chen , Mahaveer Jain , Yongqiang Wang , Michael L. Seltzer , Christian Fuegen

This paper presents a simple end-to-end model for speech recognition, combining a convolutional network based acoustic model and a graph decoding. It is trained to output letters, with transcribed speech, without the need for force…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-09-14 Ronan Collobert , Christian Puhrsch , Gabriel Synnaeve

Streaming processing of speech audio is required for many contemporary practical speech recognition tasks. Even with the large corpora of manually transcribed speech data available today, it is impossible for such corpora to cover…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Rodrigo Cabrera , Xiaofeng Liu , Mohammadreza Ghodsi , Zebulun Matteson , Eugene Weinstein , Anjuli Kannan

Voice conversion is an increasingly popular technology, and the growing number of real-time applications requires models with streaming conversion capabilities. Unlike typical (non-streaming) voice conversion, which can leverage the entire…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-01 Ziqian Ning , Yuepeng Jiang , Pengcheng Zhu , Jixun Yao , Shuai Wang , Lei Xie , Mengxiao Bi