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The formation history of Jupiter has been of interest due to its ability to shape the solar system's history. Yet little attention has been paid to the formation and growth of Saturn and the other giant planets. Here, we explore the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-31 Anuja Raorane , Ramon Brasser , Soko Matsumura , Tommy Chi Ho Lau , Man Hoi Lee , Audrey Bouvier

Recent works on planetary migration show that the orbital structure of the Kuiper belt can be very well reproduced if before the onset of the planetary instability Neptune underwent a long-range planetesimal-driven migration up to $\sim$28…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-03-22 Rogerio Deienno , Alessandro Morbidelli , Rodney S. Gomes , David Nesvorny

Close-in giant planets are thought to have formed in the cold outer regions of planetary systems and migrated inward, passing through the orbital parameter space occupied by the terrestrial planets in our own Solar System. We present…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Avi M. Mandell , Sean N. Raymond , Steinn Sigurdsson

We investigate the formation of terrestrial planets in the late stage of planetary formation using two-planet model. At that time, the protostar has formed for about 3 Myr and the gas disk has dissipated. In the model, the perturbations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2010-04-09 Ji Jianghui , Zhang Niu

We carry out a series of high resolution ($1024\times 1024$) hydrodynamical simulations to investigate the orbital evolution of Jupiter and Saturn embedded in a gaseous protostellar disk. Our work extends the results in the classical papers…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-18 Hui Zhang , Ji-Lin Zhou

A planetary instability occurring at time $<100$ My after formation of the giant planets in our solar system can be responsible for some characteristics of the inner solar system. However, the actual influence of the instability on the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-13 Fernando Roig , David Nesvorný , Rogerio Deienno , Matias J. Garcia

The ejection of planets by the instability of planetary systems is a potential source of free-floating planets. We numerically simulate multi-planet systems to study the evolution process, the properties of surviving systems, and the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-09-16 Ruocheng Zhai , Man Hoi Lee , Tianjun Gan , Shude Mao

During the late stage of planet formation when Mars-size cores appear, interactions among planetary cores can excite their orbital eccentricities, speed their merges and thus sculpture the final architecture of planet systems. This series…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Huigen Liu , Ji-lin Zhou , S. Wang

The majority of stars form in star clusters and many are thought to have planetary companions. We demonstrate that multi-planet systems are prone to instabilities as a result of frequent stellar encounters in these star clusters much more…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-15 W. Hao , M. B. N. Kouwenhoven , R. Spurzem

The abundances of elements in the Earth and the terrestrial planets provide the initial conditions for life and clues as to the history and formation of the Solar System. We follow the pioneering work of Bond et al. (2010) and combine…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Sebastian Elser , Michael R. Meyer , Ben Moore

We present the results of hydrodynamic simulations of the formation and subsequent orbital evolution of giant planets embedded in a circumbinary disc. We assume that a 20 earth masses core has migrated to the edge of the inner cavity formed…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Arnaud Pierens , Richard P. Nelson

The early gas-dust solar nebula is considered: the gasdynamic theory is used to study the gravitational Jeans-type instability in its protoplanetary disk. The implications for the origin of the solar system are discussed. It is shown that a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Evgeny Griv , Michael Gedalin

We investigate the dynamical evolution of the terrestrial planets during the planetesimal-driven migration of the giant planets. A basic assumption of this work is that giant planet migration occurred after the completion of terrestrial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Ramon Brasser , Alessandro Morbidelli , Rodney Gomes , Kleomenis Tsiganis , Harold F. Levison

The Capture Theory gives planet production through a tidal interaction between a condensed star and a diffuse protostar within a dense embedded cluster. Initial extensive and highly eccentric planetary orbits round-off and decay in a…

General Physics · Physics 2017-09-22 Michael Woolfson

A new era of directly imaged extrasolar planets has produced a three-planet system (Marois et al. 2008), where the masses of the planets have been estimated by untested cooling models. We point out that the nominal circular, face-on orbits…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Daniel C. Fabrycky , Ruth A. Murray-Clay

Planet formation simulations consistently predict compact systems of numerous small planets in chains of mean motion resonances formed by planet-disk interaction, but transiting planet surveys have found most systems to be non-resonant and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Max Goldberg , Antoine C. Petit

Almost all the planets of our solar system have moons. Each planetary system has however unique characteristics. The Martian system has not one single big moon like the Earth, not tens of moons of various sizes like for the giant planets,…

More than two decades after the widespread detection of Jovian-class planets on short-period orbits around other stars, their dynamical origins remain imperfectly understood. In the traditional narrative, these highly irradiated giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Elizabeth Bailey , Konstantin Batygin

The solar system's terrestrial planets are thought to have accreted over millions of years out of a sea of smaller embryos and planetesimals. Because it is impossible to know the surface density profile for solids and size frequency…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-05-11 Matthew S. Clement , Nathan A. Kaib , John E. Chambers

The modestly eccentric and non-coplanar orbits of the giant planets pose a challenge to solar system formation theories which generally indicate that the giant planets emerged from the protoplanetary disk in nearly perfectly circular and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-06 Garett Brown , Renu Malhotra , Hanno Rein